Chapter 20 Flashcards
Industrial revolution
a term first coined in 1799 to describe the burst of major inventions and economic expansions that began in Britain in the late 18th century.
Spinning Jenny
A simple inexpensive hand-powered spinning machine created by James Hargreaves in 1765
Water frame
a spinning machine created by Richard arkwright and that had a capacity of several hundred spindles and used water power it therefore required a larger and more specialized milla factory
Steam enegines
a breakthrough invention by Thomas savery in 1698 and Thomas newcomb in 1705 that burned coal to produce steam which was then used to operate a pump the early models were superseded by James Watts more efficient steam engine patented in 1769.
Rocket
The name given to George Stephenson’s effective locomotive that was first tested in 1829 on the Liverpool in Manchester railway at 24 mph.
Crystal palace
The location of the great exhibition in 1851 in London and architectural masterpiece made entirely of glass and iron
Iron law of wages
theory proposed by English economist David Ricardo suggesting that the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above the subsistence level
Tariff protection
a government’s way of supporting and eating its own economy by lane high taxes on imported goods from other countries as when the French responded to cheaper British goods flooding their country by imposing high tariffs on some imported products.
Factory acts
English loss passed from 1802 to 1833 and that limited the workday left child laborers and set minimum hygiene and safety requirements.
Separate spheres
Agenda division of labor with the wife at home as mother and homemaker and the husband as wage earner
Mine’s act of 1842
English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls as well as boys under 10.
Class consciousness
awareness of belonging to a distinct social and economic class whose interests might conflict with those of other classes
Luddites
Group of handicraft workers who attacked factories in northern England in 1811 and later smashing the new machines that they believed were putting them out of work
Combination acts
British lost passed in 1799 that outlawed unions and strikes favoring capitalist business people over skilled artisans bitterly resented and widely disregarded by many craft guilds the acts were repealed by Parliament in 1824.
