Chapter 22 Flashcards
when pathogens spread during sex, this is created
STDs
how many cases of STIs are discovered each year?
19 million (million of that is under age 20)
longterm consequences of STIs?
increased risk of cancers and infertility in both men and women
risky behaviors account for STIs?
ignoring risks of sex activities
having sexual contact with multiple partners
not getting proper treatment when necessary
ways to prevent STIs?
abstinence
avoid drugs
choose responsible friends
How can an STI spread?
through blood and body fluids, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk
3 most common STIs in US
trichooniasis
human papilloma virus
chlamydia
cause of trichomoniasis?
protozoan that infects the urinary tract/vagina
symptoms in males for trichomoniasis/
painful urination
clear discharge from penis
OR no symptoms
symptoms in females for trichomoniasis
itching/burning in vagina
unpleasant-smelling, yellowish discharge
pain when peeing
(males) if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to ___.
urethritis: inflammation of the lining of the urethra
(Females) if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to ___.
vaginitis (vaginal infection)
most common viral STI in US?
human papilloma virus
Symptoms of HPV?
no symptoms
forms of HPV?
warts or in women: cervical cancer (which is why women need to get pap tests)
The FDA did what to help girls ages 9-26 to prevent HPV Virus?
protects against 4 types of HPV virus that causes 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts
most common STI caused by bacteria in US?
chlamydia; cured with antibiotics
if untreated, chlamydia can cause a serious infection of the reproductive organs called __/
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to infertility or ectopic pregnancy
what is an ectopic pregnancy?
potentially fatal condition where a fertilizes egg implants somewhere other than in the uterus (also can transfer disease to baby)
If infected baby survives birth with chlamydia, he can have___.
suffer from damage to lungs/eyes
Disease of STI that attacks the liver? How is it spread?
Hepatitis B/C. spread by blood-to-blood contact
symptoms of hepatitis?
fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice
hepatitis can lead to__.
liver cancer or cirrhosis
Children are now ____ against HBV. but there’s no vaccine for HCV.
routinely vaccinated
a bacterial STI that infects the urinary tract of males and females and reproductive organs of females is__.
gonorrhea
symptoms of gonorrhea?
Males: thick, puslike discharge
Females: experiences painful urination and puslike dicharge (more mild)
results of gonorrhea if gone not treated?
M: urethritis/intertilitiy
F: PID and infertility
infected woman with gonorrhea can __.
transmit baby with same diseases
what are the eyedrops for during birth?
to prevent infection of the eyes
virus that causes genital herpes is___.
herpes simplex virus
what is th STI virus called that’s caused by Herpes simplex virus?
genital herpes
symptoms of herpes?
painful blisters around genitals
doctors can precribe medicine but it’s uncurable
Herpes can cause __ in children
blindness or death
doctors recommend infected woman to have __ to prevent baby from being infected.
C section
STI (bacterial) that progresses through 3 stages/
syphilis
stages of syphilis/
- chancre appears (painless sore at site of exposure)
- sores appear in mouth and flulike symptoms start + non itchy skin rash appears on hands and feet
- bacteria attacks internal parts of body (brain and heart). untreated can cause grain damage, paralysis, heart disease)
when can bacteria be killed in syphillis?
after stage 2
baby with syphilis can have symptoms of:
skin, bones, eyes, teeth, liver
baby born with syphilis called:
congenital syphilis
sexual check up every __ months.
6`
most common human immunodeficiency virus incurable is __
HIV
What does HIV do?
attacks specific cells of the immune system, disabling the body’s defenses against other pathogens; when it becomes severely disabled, infected person has AIDS
how does HIV enter immune system/
infects helper T cells (which once produced antibodies to invade pathogens); helper T cell kills cell while taking it over
the fewer helper cells, the more __ in the disease.
advanced
how does HIV progress through the 3 stages?
- Asymptomatic Stage: no signs (may infect others even though they feel fine)
- Symptomatic Stage: weight loss, persistent fever, diarrhea, or fungal infections
- AIDS: low number of helper T cells;
infections that attack a person with a weakened immune system is caled_
opportunistic infections
symptoms of AIDS
lung disease called pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
name of skin cancer caused by AIDS
Kaposi
of people infected around the world?
40 mil
___ monitors the situation and recommends steps for stopping the epidemic in different countries.
World Health Organization and the Joint UN Programme
to reduce risk of HIV transmission, doctors, nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, etc practice __.
universal precautions
practice when both partners agree to have sexual contact onl with 1 another (monogamous)
sexual fidelity
what type of barrier protection is there against HIV?
condom (must be latex/polyurethane/free of tears) but they don’t protect 100%
names of clinics providing confidential HIV testing is available in___.
each state’s dept of public health OR from the Center of Disease control andprevention
how does an HIV blood test work?
a person’s blood is tested for antibodies to HIV (if there ARE antibodies found, a 2nd test is used to verify)
If an HIV infection is recent, a blood test may ___.
not be accurate because the lapse time is needed for antibodies to fully form
when do antibodies usually show up after sex?
3 months after infection
goal of HIV treatment?
make immune system as close to normal as possible
what is viral load?
number of virus particles circulating in the body
goal of treatment:
- viral load
2 keep person’s T cell count as high as possible
most common treatment for HIV infection today?
High ly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART)
What does HAART use?
combo of drugs to reduce viral load in blood and multiple drugs if necessary to prevent it from reproducing inside helper T cells
drawback of HAART?
complicated dosage schedules, cost side effects, liver and kidney damage
