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Health 2 > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

when pathogens spread during sex, this is created

A

STDs

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2
Q

how many cases of STIs are discovered each year?

A

19 million (million of that is under age 20)

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3
Q

longterm consequences of STIs?

A

increased risk of cancers and infertility in both men and women

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4
Q

risky behaviors account for STIs?

A

ignoring risks of sex activities
having sexual contact with multiple partners
not getting proper treatment when necessary

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5
Q

ways to prevent STIs?

A

abstinence
avoid drugs
choose responsible friends

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6
Q

How can an STI spread?

A

through blood and body fluids, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk

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7
Q

3 most common STIs in US

A

trichooniasis
human papilloma virus
chlamydia

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8
Q

cause of trichomoniasis?

A

protozoan that infects the urinary tract/vagina

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9
Q

symptoms in males for trichomoniasis/

A

painful urination
clear discharge from penis
OR no symptoms

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10
Q

symptoms in females for trichomoniasis

A

itching/burning in vagina
unpleasant-smelling, yellowish discharge
pain when peeing

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11
Q

(males) if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to ___.

A

urethritis: inflammation of the lining of the urethra

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12
Q

(Females) if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to ___.

A

vaginitis (vaginal infection)

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13
Q

most common viral STI in US?

A

human papilloma virus

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14
Q

Symptoms of HPV?

A

no symptoms

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15
Q

forms of HPV?

A

warts or in women: cervical cancer (which is why women need to get pap tests)

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16
Q

The FDA did what to help girls ages 9-26 to prevent HPV Virus?

A

protects against 4 types of HPV virus that causes 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts

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17
Q

most common STI caused by bacteria in US?

A

chlamydia; cured with antibiotics

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18
Q

if untreated, chlamydia can cause a serious infection of the reproductive organs called __/

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to infertility or ectopic pregnancy

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19
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

potentially fatal condition where a fertilizes egg implants somewhere other than in the uterus (also can transfer disease to baby)

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20
Q

If infected baby survives birth with chlamydia, he can have___.

A

suffer from damage to lungs/eyes

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21
Q

Disease of STI that attacks the liver? How is it spread?

A

Hepatitis B/C. spread by blood-to-blood contact

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22
Q

symptoms of hepatitis?

A

fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice

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23
Q

hepatitis can lead to__.

A

liver cancer or cirrhosis

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24
Q

Children are now ____ against HBV. but there’s no vaccine for HCV.

A

routinely vaccinated

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25
Q

a bacterial STI that infects the urinary tract of males and females and reproductive organs of females is__.

A

gonorrhea

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26
Q

symptoms of gonorrhea?

A

Males: thick, puslike discharge
Females: experiences painful urination and puslike dicharge (more mild)

27
Q

results of gonorrhea if gone not treated?

A

M: urethritis/intertilitiy
F: PID and infertility

28
Q

infected woman with gonorrhea can __.

A

transmit baby with same diseases

29
Q

what are the eyedrops for during birth?

A

to prevent infection of the eyes

30
Q

virus that causes genital herpes is___.

A

herpes simplex virus

31
Q

what is th STI virus called that’s caused by Herpes simplex virus?

A

genital herpes

32
Q

symptoms of herpes?

A

painful blisters around genitals

doctors can precribe medicine but it’s uncurable

33
Q

Herpes can cause __ in children

A

blindness or death

34
Q

doctors recommend infected woman to have __ to prevent baby from being infected.

A

C section

35
Q

STI (bacterial) that progresses through 3 stages/

A

syphilis

36
Q

stages of syphilis/

A
  1. chancre appears (painless sore at site of exposure)
  2. sores appear in mouth and flulike symptoms start + non itchy skin rash appears on hands and feet
  3. bacteria attacks internal parts of body (brain and heart). untreated can cause grain damage, paralysis, heart disease)
37
Q

when can bacteria be killed in syphillis?

A

after stage 2

38
Q

baby with syphilis can have symptoms of:

A

skin, bones, eyes, teeth, liver

39
Q

baby born with syphilis called:

A

congenital syphilis

40
Q

sexual check up every __ months.

A

6`

41
Q

most common human immunodeficiency virus incurable is __

A

HIV

42
Q

What does HIV do?

A

attacks specific cells of the immune system, disabling the body’s defenses against other pathogens; when it becomes severely disabled, infected person has AIDS

43
Q

how does HIV enter immune system/

A

infects helper T cells (which once produced antibodies to invade pathogens); helper T cell kills cell while taking it over

44
Q

the fewer helper cells, the more __ in the disease.

A

advanced

45
Q

how does HIV progress through the 3 stages?

A
  1. Asymptomatic Stage: no signs (may infect others even though they feel fine)
  2. Symptomatic Stage: weight loss, persistent fever, diarrhea, or fungal infections
  3. AIDS: low number of helper T cells;
46
Q

infections that attack a person with a weakened immune system is caled_

A

opportunistic infections

47
Q

symptoms of AIDS

A

lung disease called pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

48
Q

name of skin cancer caused by AIDS

A

Kaposi

49
Q

of people infected around the world?

A

40 mil

50
Q

___ monitors the situation and recommends steps for stopping the epidemic in different countries.

A

World Health Organization and the Joint UN Programme

51
Q

to reduce risk of HIV transmission, doctors, nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, etc practice __.

A

universal precautions

52
Q

practice when both partners agree to have sexual contact onl with 1 another (monogamous)

A

sexual fidelity

53
Q

what type of barrier protection is there against HIV?

A

condom (must be latex/polyurethane/free of tears) but they don’t protect 100%

54
Q

names of clinics providing confidential HIV testing is available in___.

A

each state’s dept of public health OR from the Center of Disease control andprevention

55
Q

how does an HIV blood test work?

A

a person’s blood is tested for antibodies to HIV (if there ARE antibodies found, a 2nd test is used to verify)

56
Q

If an HIV infection is recent, a blood test may ___.

A

not be accurate because the lapse time is needed for antibodies to fully form

57
Q

when do antibodies usually show up after sex?

A

3 months after infection

58
Q

goal of HIV treatment?

A

make immune system as close to normal as possible

59
Q

what is viral load?

A

number of virus particles circulating in the body

60
Q

goal of treatment:

A
  1. viral load

2 keep person’s T cell count as high as possible

61
Q

most common treatment for HIV infection today?

A

High ly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART)

62
Q

What does HAART use?

A

combo of drugs to reduce viral load in blood and multiple drugs if necessary to prevent it from reproducing inside helper T cells

63
Q

drawback of HAART?

A

complicated dosage schedules, cost side effects, liver and kidney damage

Health 2 (14 decks)

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