Chapter 21.5 - Humoral immune response Flashcards
What is another name for antibodies?
Immunoglobulins
What are the five groups of Immunoglobulins?
IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG en IgE
What is the basic structure of an antibody?
Overall T- or Y-shaped antibody monomer consist of four looping polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds
Where does the four looping polypeptide chains consist of?
Two identical heavy (H) chains with hinge region at ‘middles’ and two identical light (L) chains
WHich region combine to form two identical antigen-binding sites?
Variable (V) regions at one end of each arm
Where is the constant (C) region madeof?
Area that determines antibody class
effector region
What is the function of IgM
A oentamer; first antibody releases, fixes complement
What is the function of IgA?
Helps prevent entry of pathogens
What is the function of IgD?
Functions as a B cell receptor
What is the function of IgG?
fixes complement and crosses placenta
What is the function of IgE
Active in some allergies and arasitic infections
What do antibodies with antigens?
They inactivate and tag them and form an antigen-antibody complex
What defensive mechanism use antibodies?
neutralization, agglutination, precipitation and complement fixation
How works neutralization?
Antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins and so prevents antigens from binding to receptors on tissue cells
How does agglutination work?
It allows for antigen-antibody complexes to become cross-linked into large lattice-like clumps
