Chapter 21.1 and 21.2 - Inflammation Flashcards
What are four signs of acute inflammation?
Redness, heat, swelling, pain
What are the three stages of inflammation?
Inflammatory chemical release, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, phagocyte mobilization
What do the chemicals as kinins, prostaglandins and complement set in motion?
Vasodilation, make capillaries leaky, attract lekocytes, can trigger pain receptors
What is hyperemia caused by vasodilation?
Congestion with blood which leads to redness and heat
What causes increased capillary permeability?
Exudate which is fluid containing clotting factors and antibodies to leak into tissue
What is the consequence of exudate?
Local swelling (edema) which can also push on nerve endings, resulting in pain
What are the benefits of edema?
Sweeps foreign material into lymphatic vessels and delivers clotting proteins and complement to area
What besides exudate can cause pain?
From release of toxins from bacteria or released prostaglandins and kinins
What are the four steps of phagocyte mobilization?
leukocytosis, margination, diapedesis and chemotaxis
What happens with leukocytosis?
release of neutrophils from bone marrow in responde to leukocytosis-inducing factors from injured cells
What happens with margination?
Endothelial cells of capillaries in inflamed area project cell adhesion molecules into vessel lumen that grab onto passing neutrophils, causing them to slow an roll allong clingin to vessel wall
What happens with diapedesis?
neutrophils flatten and squeeze between endothelial cells, moving into interstitial spaces
hat happens in chemotaxis?
Inflammatory chemicals act as chemotactic agents that promote positive chemotaxis of neutrophils toward injured area
What is the function of M1 macrophages?
they are involved in antigen presentation, inflammation
What are M2 macrophages associated with?
Wound healing and tissue reapir
