Chapter 17.7 - Blood transfusions Flashcards
CArdiovascular system minimizes effects of blood loss by?
- Reducing volume of affected blood vessels
- Stepping up production of RBCs
How much blood loss do you need for fatal severe shock?
More than 30%
With what must the volume be replaced immediately after blood loss?
Normal saline or multiple-electrolyte solution that mimics plasma electrolyte composition
What is the difference of volume restoring with blood transfusion?
Volume does not replace oxygen-carrying capacities of RBCs
What is in an infusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs)?
Oxygen-carrying capacity and plasma and WBCs removed
What differs in different blood groups?
The antigens
What is the function of an antigen?
Anything perceived as foreign that can generate an immune response
What are RBC antigens reffered to?
Agglutinogens, because they promote agglutination
Why are antigens of ABO and Rh blood groups major groups typed?
They cause the most vigorous transfusion reaction
What are MNS, Duffy, Kell and Lewis for blood groups?
Weak agglutinogens
WHere does the A and B stands for in the blood types
The presence or absence of the A and B agglutinogens
What show the Rh blood groups?
The presence or absence of C,D or E antigen
When will anti-Rh antibodies form?
If Rh- individual receives Rh+ blood
When do transfusion reactions occur
If mismatched blood is infused or if donor’s cells are attacked by recipient’s plasma agglutinins
In what do transfusion reactions result?
- diminished oxygen-carrying capacity
- Decreased blood flow beyond blocked vessel
- Hemoglobin in kidney tubules can lead to renal failure
