Chapter 17.1 and 17.2 part 1

Question 1

Definition blood

Answer 1

Life-sustaining transport vehicle of the cardiovascular system

Question 2

Functions of blood (3)

Answer 2

• Transport
• Regulation
• Protection

Question 3

Transport functions

Answer 3

• Delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells
• Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
• Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs

Question 4

Regulation functions

Answer 4

• Maintaining body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
• Mainaining normal pH using buffers; alkaline reserve or bicarbonate ions
• Maintaining adequate fluid volume in circulatory system

Question 5

Protection functions

Answer 5

• Preventing blood loss
• Preventing infection

Question 6

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 6

Plasma and formed elements

Question 7

What is plasma

Answer 7

Matrix of nonliving fluid

Question 8

What are formed elements?

Answer 8

Living cells in blood;
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 9

Where does plasma consist of?

Answer 9

Water, Salts, Proteins, substances transported by blood

Question 10

What is hematocrit?

Answer 10

percent of blood volume that is RBCs (47% male, 42% female)

Question 11

Physical characteristics blood

Answer 11

sticky, opaque fluid with metallic taste
High O2 scarlet red, low O2 dark red
8% body weight
pH 7.35-7.45

Question 12

What is the average volume of blood?

Answer 12

Male: 5-6 L
Female: 4-5 L

Question 13

What is the function of albumin?

Answer 13

Carrier of other molecules, blood buffer and contributes to plasma osmotic pressure

Question 14

What are plasma proteins?

Answer 14

Albumin, Globulins (alpha, beta and gamma), fibrinogen

Question 15

What are nutrients?

Answer 15

Materials absorbed from digestive tract and transported for use throughout body

Question 16

What are platelets?

Answer 16

Cell fragments for blood clotting

Question 17

What do RBCs miss?

Answer 17

They have no nuclei or other organelles

Question 18

How long do formed elements survive in the bloodstream?

Answer 18

only a few days

Question 19

What are structural characteristics of eythrocytes?

Answer 19

• small diameter (7.5 um), larger than some capillaries
• Biconcave disc shape, anucleate and no organelles
• Filled with hemoglobin
• plasma membrane protein spectrin

Question 20

What is the use of spectrin?

Answer 20

Provides flexibility to change shape

Question 21

Where is the biconcave shape for?

Answer 21

Offers huge surface area relative to volume for gas exchange

Question 22

How works the ATP production in RBCs?

Answer 22

No mitochondria, so anaerobic

Question 23

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 23

Binds reversibly with oxygen

Question 24

Where does hemoglobin consists of?

Answer 24

Heme pigment: gives blood red color and eache heme’s central iron atom binds one O2
Globin: four polypeptide chains (two alpha and two beta chains)

Question 25

How much O2 molecules can RBCs transport?

Answer 25

250 million Hb molecules with each four O2 molecules

Question 26

What is ocyhemoglobin?

Answer 26

O2 loading in lungs

Question 27

What is deoxyhemoglobin?

Answer 27

O2 unloading in tissues

Question 28

What is carbaminohemoglobin?

Answer 28

CO2 loading in tissues

Question 29

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 29

Blood cell formation

Question 30

What is a hemocytoblast?

Answer 30

hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to all formed elements

Question 31

Where does hemtopoiesis occur?

Answer 31

In the red bone marrow of axial skeleton and parts of the humerus and femur