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CMI > Chapter 20 - Lymphatic system and organs > Flashcards

Chapter 20 - Lymphatic system and organs Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Returns interstitial fluids and plasma proteïns leaked from blood vessels back to blood

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2
Q

From which parts does the lymphatic system consist?

A

Lymphatics, lymph and lymph nodes

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3
Q

What is the function of lymphoid organs and tissues?

A

Provide a structural basis of immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

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4
Q

What are lymphoid organs?

A

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes, other lymphoid tissues

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5
Q

How much interstitial fluid circulates the lymphatic system per day?

A

3 litre

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6
Q

What is the new name of interstitial fluid when it gets into the lymphatics?

A

lymph

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7
Q

Where does the fluid come in and out in the lymphatic system?

A

It is forced out cleft of capillaries and returns to blood at venous end

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8
Q

What causes continuous mixing of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

Bulk fluid flow acroos capillary

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9
Q

On which two opposing forces does the direction and amount of fluid flow depend?

A

Hydrostatic pressures and colloid osmotic pressures

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10
Q

What kind of force is hydrostatic pressure?

A

A force exerted by fluid pressing against wall

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11
Q

What is the difference between HPc and HPif?

A

HPc is pressure that tends to force fluids through capillary walls and HPif is a pressure pushing fluid back into vessel

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12
Q

What kind of pressure is colloid osmotic pressure?

A

A pressure created by nondiffusible plasma proteins pulling water back into capillary

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13
Q

What comprises all forces acting on capillary bed?

A

Net filtration pressure (NFP)

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14
Q

What is the name for the net fluid flow out at arterial end and in at venous end?

A

filtration and reabsorption

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15
Q

When does edema occur?

A

If fluids are not picked up from tissues

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16
Q

How is the flaplike minivalve formed?

A

Endothelial cells forming the walls of lymphatic capillairies overlap to form flaplike minivalves

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17
Q

How are capillaries anchored to connective tissue?

A

With filaments

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18
Q

When are the minivalves closed?

A

Higher pressure on the inside

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19
Q

What are collecting lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymph capillaries drained into inceasingly larger vessels

20
Q

Out what parts does a larger lymphatic vessel exist?

A

collecting vessels, trunks and ducts

21
Q

What is the difference between a lymph and blood vessel?

A

Thinner walls and more anastomose

22
Q

What is a lymphatic trunk?

A

An union of largest collecting vessels

23
Q

Where does lymph go from the trunks?

A

Into lymphatic ducts

24
Q

Which duct drains the right upper arm, right side of head and thorax?

A

the right lymphatic duct

25
Q

Which duct drain the rest of the body?

A

Thoracic duct

26
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

Condition in which lymphatic vessels appear as painful red lines under the skin

27
Q

What causes lymphangitis?

A

Inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora

28
Q

To what antigens protect T cells and B cells?

A

Bacteria and their toxins; viruses
Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells

29
Q

What is the function of T cells?

A

Manage the immune response
Attack and destroy foreign cells

30
Q

What is the function of B cells?

A

Produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies

31
Q

What are other lymphoid cells?

A

Macrophages, Dendritic cells, reticular cells

32
Q

What are the functions of macrophages, dendritic cells and reticular cells?

A

Macrophages foreign substances and help activate T cells
Dendritic cells capture antigens and deliver them to lymph node
Reticular cells produce stroma that supports other cells in lymphoid organs

33
Q

What is another name for dendritic cells?

A

Antigen-Presenting-Cells (APCs)

34
Q

Which lymph tissue dominates?

A

Reticular except for the thymus

35
Q

Which two main lymph type tissues are there?

A

Diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles

36
Q

Why is lymphoid tissue an important component of the immune system?

A

Houses and provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes
Furnishes a surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

37
Q

How does diffuse lymphatic tissue look like?

A

Scattered reticular connective tissue elements

38
Q

What does lymphatic follicles look like?

A

Solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular elements and lymphoid cells

39
Q

Where are lymph nodes for?

A

they have protective functions as filters lymph and in the immune system lymphocytes are activated

40
Q

What is the global structure of a lymph node?

A

Bean shaped, external fibrous capsule, trabeculae extend inward and divide the node into compartments, cortex and medulla

41
Q

What is Bubo?

A

An inflamed lymph node

42
Q

What is the effect of fewer efferent vessels?

A

Causes flow of lymph to stagnate, allowing lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out functions

43
Q

What does afferent mean?

A

To the organ

44
Q

Which other organs contribute to lymphatic function?

A

Spleen, MALT (Mucosa-associated tissues, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix, thymus)

45
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets
recycles the breakdown products of RBCs for later reuse
Stores blood platelets and monocytes
RBC production in fetus

46
Q

What is the function of the MALT?

A

Trap and remove bacteria and other foreign material in tonsillar crypts

47
Q

What is the function of the thymus?

A

Organ where T cells mature

CMI (13 decks)

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