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CMI > Chapter 21.1 and 21.2 - Immune system > Flashcards

Chapter 21.1 and 21.2 - Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innate immune system?

A

The non-specific defense system, congenital

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2
Q

What is the dapative immunity?

A

The specific defense system

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3
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

External body membranes as the skin

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4
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

Antimocrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells

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5
Q

hat is the third line of defense?

A

Attacks particular/identifies foreign substances

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6
Q

Which two lines belong to the innate system?

A

First and second line

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7
Q

What is the connection between the innate and adaptive system?

A

Innate responses release proteins that alerts cells of adaptive system to foreign molecules

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8
Q

Out which two defenses does the adaptive immune system exist?

A

The humoral immunity, B cells and the cellular immunity, T cells

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9
Q

What is mucous membrane?

A

The inner lining of the most recognizable organs

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10
Q

What is the function of keratin in the innate immunity?

A

it is resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins

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11
Q

What is the function of acidity in the immune system?

A

It secretes inhibits growth

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12
Q

What is the function of enzymes in the immune system?

A

It kills many microorganisms

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13
Q

What is mucin?

A

A sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps microorganisms,

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14
Q

What is teh function of defensins?

A

Antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth

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15
Q

What can other chemicals do in the innate imunity?

A

They are toxic in some bacteria

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16
Q

What in the respiratory system can stop pathogens?

A

Mucus coated hairs in the nose
Cilia sweep dust- and bacteria-laden mucus toward mouth

17
Q

What belongs to the second line of defense?

A

Phagocytes, Natural killer cells, inflammatory response, antimicrobial proteins, fever

18
Q

What are the two parts of innate defense?

A

Surface barriers and internal defenses

19
Q

What are pattern recognition receptors?

A

They recognize and bind tightly yo structures on microbes, disarming them before they do harm

20
Q

What are toll-like receptors?

A

They play a central role in triggering the immune responses. Allows the cells to recognize invaders and sound the chemical ‘alarm’ that initiates inflammation

21
Q

What are fixed macrophages?

A

They develop from monocytes and are chief phagocytes and are permanent residents of some organs

22
Q

When starts phagocytosis?

A

When phagocyte recognizes and adheres to pathogen’s carbohydrate “signature”

23
Q

What are opsonins?

A

Antibodies or complement proteins that coat pathogens

24
Q

What is step two of phagocytosis?

A

Cytoplasmic extensions bind to and engulf particle in vesicle calles phagosome

25
Q

What is the third step of phagocytose?

A

A phagosome fuses with lysosome, forming phagolysosome

26
Q

hat is step four of phagocytosis?

A

Phagolysosome is acidfied, and lysosomal enzymes digest particles

27
Q

What is step five of phagocytosis?

A

Indigestible and residual waste is exocytosed from phagocyte

28
Q

What happens if pathogens are not killed with acidified lysosomal enzymes?

A

Helper T cells trigger macrophage to produce respiratory burst which kills pathogens resistant to lysosomal enzymes by:
- releasing cell-killing free radicals
- producing oxidizing chemicals
- increasing pH and osmolarity of phagolysosome

29
Q

Which cells attack natural killer cells?

A

Cells that lack “seld” cellsurface receptors (class I MHC)

30
Q

How do natural killer cells kill cancer cells?

A

By inducing apoptosis

31
Q

When is inflammation triggered?

A

Whenever body tissues are injured?

32
Q

What are the benefits of inflammtion?

A

Prevents spread of damaging agents
disposes of cell debris and pathogens
alerst adaptive immune system
stets the stage for repair: without no tissue repair

CMI (13 decks)

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