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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 21- Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 21- Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the lymphatics:

A
  1. fluid balance
  2. lipid absorption/transport
  3. defense
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2
Q

The lymphatic system has 3 major components:

A
  • a system of lymphatic vessels
  • cells
  • tissues and organs
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3
Q

Lymphoid tissues and organs house _____ which are important in..

A

Lymphoid tissues and organs house lymphocytes which are important in resistance to disease

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4
Q

Movement in the vessels:

A

Capillaries -> vessels -> trunks -> ducts

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels will form a one way system on which the lymph flows only towards the heart. Materials only
enter the lymphatics- nothing diffuses out normally. This transport system begins as blind-ended _____ _____, found in between cells in the interstitial spaces of the body. The capillaries are very permeable with
a somewhat flap-like opening allowing for one way entrance.
As the interstitial fluid from the arteriole side of the capillary collects, most will be returned to the blood on the
venule side in bulk flow. However, some will remain and will enter into the _________ ______. Once
the interstitial fluid is in the lymphatic capillaries, it is called _____

These lymph capillaries are widespread occurring everywhere that blood capillaries occur

A

Lymphatic vessels will form a one way system on which the lymph flows only towards the heart. Materials only
enter the lymphatics- nothing diffuses out normally. This transport system begins as blind-ended LYMPH
CAPILLARIES, found in between cells in the interstitial spaces of the body. The capillaries are very permeable with
a somewhat flap-like opening allowing for one way entrance.
As the interstitial fluid from the arteriole side of the capillary collects, most will be returned to the blood on the
venule side in bulk flow. However, some will remain and will enter into the LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES. Once
the interstitial fluid is in the lymphatic capillaries, it is called LYMPH.
These lymph capillaries are widespread occurring everywhere that blood capillaries occur

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6
Q

ROUTE OF LYMPH: Interstitial fluid and proteins that are in the interstitial fluid enter the lymphatic capillaries,
and now this material is referred to as _____. From the ____ ______, the lymph flows through larger
_________ ______ ______, which will lead the lymph into _______ _______. The lymph will then leave
the nodes via the ________ ______ _____. The lymph then flows into the larger ______ ______ and finally enters one of the __ ________ ______ in the body, rejoining the blood.

A

ROUTE OF LYMPH: Interstitial fluid and proteins that are in the interstitial fluid enter the lymphatic capillaries,
and now this material is referred to as LYMPH. From the LYMPH CAPILLARIES, the lymph flows through larger
AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS, which will lead the lymph into LYMPH NODES. The lymph will then leave
the nodes via the EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS. The lymph then flows into the larger LYMPHATIC
TRUNKS and finally enters one of the 2 LYMPHATIC DUCTS in the body, rejoining the blood.

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7
Q

2 lymphatic ducts:

A

Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct

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8
Q

RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT: drains lymph from the….

This is the smaller duct that drains into the ___ _____ _____

A

RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT: drains lymph from the right-upper arm, right side of the head, and right thorax.

This is the smaller duct that drains into the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN

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9
Q

THORACIC DUCT: much larger duct that drains lymph from the rest of the body including the……. into the _____ ______ ______

A

THORACIC DUCT: much larger duct that drains lymph from the rest of the body including
the left side of the head, left chest, the left upper arm and the entire body below the diaphragm into the LEFT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN

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10
Q

What helps fluid move in the lymphatics?

A

Valves
Milking by skeletal muscles
Breathing

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11
Q

Lymph transport is sporadic and much ____ than blood circulation. About 3 liters of lymph will be entering the
lymphatic vessels and therefore the blood per day

A

slower

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12
Q

Predict the effect of blocking the drainage of interstitial fluid into the lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphedema

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13
Q

Leukocytes

A

-Lymphocytes (T/b)
-Neutrophils
-Monocytes

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14
Q

Reticular cells

A

-Make reticular connective tissue

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15
Q

Reticular cells are NOT

A

Reticular cells are NOT reticulocytes

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16
Q

The reticular cells make the reticular CT which basically makes the _____ that allows the lymph fluid to flow through and trap the bad stuff

A

webbing

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17
Q

The next component of the lymphatic system are the LYMPHOID TISSUES and ORGANS.

a. LYMPHOID TISSUE: Houses _________. Lymphoid tissue is a type of loose connective tissue called
________ ______ ______ made of reticular fibers (very fine collagen fibers) produced by the reticular cells.
b. LYMPHOID ORGANS: have _____ _____ and _____ _____

A

The next component of the lymphatic system are the LYMPHOID TISSUES and ORGANS.

a. LYMPHOID TISSUE: Houses lymphocytes. Lymphoid tissue is a type of loose connective tissue called
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE made of reticular fibers (very fine collagen fibers) produced by the reticular cells.
b. LYMPHOID ORGANS: have primary organs and secondary organs

18
Q

Lymphoid organs:
primary organs are where the cells are ______
exs:

A

primary organs are where the cells are produced/mature
bone marrow, thymus

19
Q

Lymphoid organs:
secondary organs are where the cells ______
exs:

A

secondary organs are where the cells live/function
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
peyer’s patch
appendix

20
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Resides in some bones and is responsible for the production of leukocytes(and the maturation of some leukocytes)

21
Q

Thymus
-location is ______ and ______ to the _____
-secretes ______ which allows for..
-____ ______

A

-location is anterior and superior to heart
-secretes hormones (THYMOSIN) which allows for the maturation of the T lymphocyte.
-age dependent

22
Q

The T lymphocytes is made by the ____ ___ _____ and matures from the _____

A

RBM
matures from the Thymus

23
Q

Lymph Node- 2 functions

A
  1. Filter lymph
  2. contains germination centers for lymphocytes and monocytes (they will mass produce lymphocytes if there’s too much bacteria caught in the web so that they can “eat” more)
24
Q

The lymph node is special in that it’s

A

the only one to filter lymph

25
Q

Lymph nodes are found throughout the body, but large congregations can be found in the:

A

-axillary (armpit)
-mesentery (abdomen)
-cervical (neck)

26
Q

If there are a lot of microorganisms that are being filtered, the nodes become engorged and increase in size causing a __________. If due to infection this enlargement can be called a
___________

A

If there are a lot of microorganisms that are being filtered, the nodes become engorged and increase in size causing a LYMPHADENOPATHY. If due to infection this enlargement can be called a LYMPHADENITIS.

27
Q

Lymphadenopathy is _______ enlargement and it doesn’t ____. Lymphadenitis is due to _____ and is ______. Not all lymphadenopathies are lymphadenitis, but all ______ are ______

A

Lymphadenopathy is generalized enlargement and it doesn’t hurt. Lymphadenitis is due to infection and is painful. Not all lymphadenopathies are considered lymphadenitis, but all lymphadenitises are lymphadenopathies.

28
Q

_______ _____ is a form of cancer that arises in the ___ _____. It is initially characterized by a painless enlargement of 1 or more lymph nodes, most commonly found in the ___. Some patients have night sweats and fever. Fatigue and
weight loss may follow. Treatment may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and sometimes bone marrow
transplants. H.D. is considered to be curable.

A

HODGKIN’S DISEASE is a form of cancer that arises in the LYMPH NODES. It is initially characterized by a painless enlargement of 1 or more lymph nodes, most commonly found in the NECK. Some patients have night sweats and fever. Fatigue and weight loss may follow. Treatment may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and sometimes bone marrow transplants. H.D. is considered to be curable.

29
Q

Spleen
-size
-location

A

size of a fist - soft and rich in blood, under the diaphragm, on left side

30
Q

Spleen- functions

A
  • Blood production (fetus)
  • Immune function
  • Removes old RBCs
31
Q

The capsule surrounding the spleen is ___ and can easily _____ due to a trauma. When this occurs, the
spleen must quickly be removed and splenic artery must be tied off to prevent hemorrhage. (_______). Liver and
red bone marrow take over its functions

A

The capsule surrounding the spleen is thin and can easily rupture due to a trauma. When this occurs, the
spleen must quickly be removed and splenic artery must be tied off to prevent hemorrhage. (splenectomy). Liver and
red bone marrow take over its functions

32
Q

TONSILS: _____ of all lymphoid organs (___)

A

TONSILS: simplest of all lymphoid organs (MALT)

33
Q

MALT stands for

A

Mucosa
Associated
Lymph
Tissue

34
Q

3 groups of tonsils:

A

Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil

35
Q

Palatine tonsils
-location, size, most often ____, and generally ____ in size as ______

A

Located on either side of the posterior oral cavity.
These are the largest of the tonsils and the most often infected.
Generally decrease in size as adults

36
Q

Lingual tonsil
-location

A

at the base of the tongue

37
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil
-location
-AKA:

A

posterior wall of the nasopharynx
Called Adenoids

38
Q

Smaller Lymphoid Structures include the ______ ____ and _______ and are also _____

A

Smaller Lymphoid Structures include the Peyer’s Patches and Appendix and are also MALT

39
Q

Peyer’s Patches:
clusters of lymphoid tissue containing lymphoid cells that offer ______ ______ to the ______

A

clusters of lymphoid tissue containing lymphoid cells that offer immune protection to the ileum

40
Q

Appendix:
tubular offshoot of the ___. Also composed of lymphatic tissue and cells

A

Tubular offshoot of the cecum. Also composed of lymphatic tissue and cells

41
Q

When the spleen ruptures, what takes over?

A

The liver and RBM

42
Q

Lymph capillaries are

A

highly permeable and only 1 layer

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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