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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 20- Circulatory Routes > Flashcards

Chapter 20- Circulatory Routes Flashcards

1
Q

Types of circulatory routes

A

Systemic
Pulmonary
Coronary
Fetal

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2
Q

Systemic Circulation: includes all of the ____ and ______ that carry oxygenated blood to the organs from the ___ _____ and all of the veins and venules that carry the _______ blood returning to the _____ _____after flowing through the organs.

A

Systemic Circulation: includes all of the arteries and arterioles that carry oxygenated blood to the organs from the left ventricle and all of the veins and venules that carry the deoxygenated blood returning to the right atrium after flowing through the organs.

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3
Q

All systemic arteries branch from the ______. This vessel gives off 2 coronary arteries for coronary circulation and then continues as the _______ AORTA, ______ AORTA, and ______ AORTA. The ascending, transverse and descending are termed the ______ _____.

A

All systemic arteries branch from the AORTA. This vessel gives off 2 coronary arteries for coronary circulation and then continues as the ASCENDING AORTA, TRANSVERSE AORTA, and DESCENDING AORTA. The ascending, transverse and descending are termed the AORTIC ARCH.

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4
Q

In the human, there are 3 branches that come off of the aortic arch:

These all supply ______ blood

A

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Oxygenated

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5
Q

In the human, there are 3 branches that come off of the _____ ____
a. The BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY which later branches into the ______ ______ ______ ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the right ___ and ____ and the _____ _______ ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the right ___.
b. The LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the ____ _____ and ____ is the next branch.
c. The LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the ___ ____is the final branch.

A

In the human, there are 3 branches that come off of the AORTIC ARCH

a. The BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY which later branches into the RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the right HEAD and NECK and the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the right ARM.

b. The LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the LEFT HEAD and NECK is the next branch.

c. The LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY, supplying oxygenated blood to the LEFT ARM is the final branch.

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6
Q

The Subclavian artery becomes the ______ _____ when it goes through the arm pit area. The name then changes to the _______ _____ when it enters the upper arm. The brachial artery divides into 2 vessels at the elbow level – the _____ _____ goes towards digit __ and the ______ _____ goes towards the thumb, digit __

A

The Subclavian artery becomes the AXILLARY ARTERY when it goes through the arm pit area. The name then changes to the BRACHIAL ARTERY when it enters the upper arm. The brachial artery divides into 2 vessels at the elbow level – the ULNAR ARTERY goes towards digit 5 and the RADIAL ARTERY goes towards the thumb, digit 1

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7
Q

The descending aorta will continue inferiority through the _____ cavity (_____ _____) and _______ cavity (_____ ______). Each section of this large vessel will give off smaller arteries that take the oxygenated blood to specific organs or areas.

A

The descending aorta will continue inferiority through the thoracic cavity (thoracic aorta) and abdominal cavity (abdominal aorta). Each section of this large vessel will give off smaller arteries that take the oxygenated blood to specific organs or areas.

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8
Q

There will be a number of paired _________ ARTERIES running in-between the ribs. In addition there will be ________ ARTERIES supplying blood to the esophagus within the _____ cavity. There are also ______ ______ ARTERIES supplying the diaphragm.

A

There will be a number of paired INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES running in-between the ribs. In addition there will be ESOPHAGEAL ARTERIES supplying blood to the esophagus within the THORACIC cavity. There are also SUPERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES supplying the diaphragm.

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9
Q

Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches
There are paired and unpaired branches in this area. The 3 major unpaired arteries are the:

A

Celiac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

Celiac artery

A

brings oxygenated blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen

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11
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

brings blood to the pancreas and small intestine

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12
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

brings blood to the large intestine and rectum

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13
Q

Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches:
Examples of the paired arteries in this area are the ____ ARTERIES, supplying the kidneys with oxygenated blood and the ______ ARTERIES, supplying oxygenated blood to the ovaries or the testicles.

A

Examples of the paired arteries in this area are the RENAL ARTERIES, supplying the kidneys with oxygenated blood and the GONADAL ARTERIES, supplying oxygenated blood to the ovaries or the testicles.

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14
Q

Arteries of the legs:
The abdominal aorta will branch at the lumbar region and become the LEFT and RIGHT _____ _____
ARTERIES. The common iliac artery divides into an ________ ____ ARTERY, which descends into the lower
leg, and an _______ ____ARTERY that supplies blood to the _____ region. The external iliac artery becomes
the ______ ARTERY in the thigh when the _____ ______ ARTERY branches off, and then is called the
______ ARTERY when it goes behind the knee. The popliteal artery continues as the ______ and
________ ______ ARTERY extending down to the foot continuing as the _______ ____ ARTERY.

A

The abdominal aorta will branch at the lumbar region and become the LEFT and RIGHT COMMON ILIAC
ARTERIES. The common iliac artery divides into an EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY, which descends into the lower
leg, and an INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY that supplies blood to the PELVIC region. The external iliac artery becomes
the FEMORAL ARTERY in the thigh when the DEEP FEMORAL ARTERY branches off, and then is called the
POPLITEAL ARTERY when it goes behind the knee. The popliteal artery continues as the ANTERIOR and
POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY extending down to the foot continuing as the DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY.

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15
Q

Systemic Veins: (legs)
The leg has the longest vein in the body, the _____ _______ ____that brings blood
from the lower leg upwards. The other major veins that drain the leg are the _____ and
______ _____ VEINS that merge to form the ______ _____ VEIN. Each common
iliac vein, one from each leg, joins the very large ______ ____ _____ in the pelvis region.

A

The leg has the longest vein in the body, the GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN that brings blood
from the lower leg upwards. The other major veins that drain the leg are the INTERNAL and
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEINS that merge to form the COMMON ILIAC VEIN. Each common
iliac vein, one from each leg, joins the very large INFERIOR VENA CAVA in the pelvis region.

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16
Q

Abdominal Veins:
The inferior vena cava ascends towards the heart, draining deoxygenated blood from areas below the heart. Many of the vessels found in the _____ region connect to this major vein – examples are the paired ______ VEINS from the kidneys, the ______ VEINS from the ovaries or testes.
The blood supply that went to the digestive tract organs via unpaired arteries do not have a connection with the inferior vena cava. Instead, the _______ _____ ______ will receive most of the deoxygenated blood from the digestive system. This nutrient rich blood will eventually join the inferior vena cava via ______ VEINS.

A

The inferior vena cava ascends towards the heart, draining deoxygenated blood from areas below the heart. Many of the vessels found in the pelvis region connect to this major vein – examples are the paired RENAL VEINS from the kidneys, the GONADAL VEINS from the ovaries or testes.
The blood supply that went to the digestive tract organs via unpaired arteries do not have a connection with the inferior vena cava. Instead, the HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM will receive most of the deoxygenated blood from the digestive system. This nutrient rich blood will eventually join the inferior vena cava via HEPATIC VEINS.

17
Q

Thoracic Veins:
The inferior vena cava goes into the thoracic region and enters the heart at the right atrium.
The rib areas of the thorax are drained by the _______ VEINS that join the _____ VEIN on the right side and the _______ VEIN and _______ _______ VEIN on the left side. The hemiazygos and accessory azygos enter into the azygos vein, which eventually enters into the ______ ____ ____
The SVC also receives deoxygenated blood from the ___, ____, and ____

A

The inferior vena cava goes into the thoracic region and enters the heart at the right atrium.
The rib areas of the thorax are drained by the INTERCOSTAL VEINS that join the AZYGOS VEIN on the right side and the HEMIAZYGOS VEIN and ACCESSORY HEMIAZYGOS VEIN on the left side. The hemiazygos and accessory azygos enter into the azygos vein, which eventually enters into the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA.
The SVC also receives deoxygenated blood from the arm, head and neck

18
Q

Head/Neck/Arm Veins:
The _______, _____ and _______ VEINS are mostly responsible for draining the ____ of _______ blood. The ______ _____ VEIN usually connects the cephalic to the basilic vein. In many, it is superficial and prominent – this is the vein used to take blood samples from (within the cubital fossa). The _______ VEIN becomes the _______ VEIN when the _______ VEIN attaches, which becomes the ________ VEIN when the CEPHALIC VEIN attaches. The Subclavian veins on each side enter the ________ VEINS, which enter the _____ _____ _____. The BRACHIAL VEIN began as the _____ and _____ VEINS.
The head and neck are drained by the _______ AND _______ ______ VEINS on either side of the neck. Eventually, this blood enters the _____________ VEIN and ultimately the ____ which drains into the right atrium.

A

The CEPHALIC, BASILIC and BRACHIAL VEINS are mostly responsible for draining the arm of deoxygenated blood. The MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN usually connects the cephalic to the basilic vein. In many, it is superficial and prominent – this is the vein used to take blood samples from (within the cubital fossa). The BASILIC VEIN becomes the AXILLARY VEIN when the BRACHIAL VEIN attaches, which becomes the SUBCLAVIAN VEIN when the CEPHALIC VEIN attaches. The Subclavian veins on each side enter the BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS, which enter the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA. The BRACHIAL VEIN began as the RADIAL and ULNAR VEINS.
The head and neck are drained by the INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS on either side of the neck. Eventually, this blood enters the BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN and ultimately the SVC which drains into the right atrium.

19
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

Blood returning to the heart will be pumped out of the ___ _____ to the lungs where it takes on O2. It will then be pumped to the ___ ___ of the heart, ready to be part of systemic circulation again.

A

Blood returning to the heart will be pumped out of the right ventricle to the lungs where it takes on O2. It will then be pumped to the left side of the heart, ready to be part of systemic circulation again.

20
Q

Coronary Circulation
Circulation of _______ blood from coronary ____ through the _____ into the coronary ___ and finally into the _____ ____

A

Circulation of oxygenated blood from coronary arteries through the capillaries into the coronary veins and finally into the coronary sinus.

21
Q

Fetal Circulation
Circulation in the fetus is different than in the adult human because the _____ are nonfunctional. The fetus derives its oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood and eliminates its wastes into the maternal blood by diffusion.

The exchange of these materials occurs through the placenta, a transient organ that occurs from fetal and maternal tissue and exists only in pregnancy.
From the _______, oxygenated blood flows through the ______ ____ to the______ _____into the ____, which takes the oxygenated blood into the ____ ____ of the heart.

A

Lungs are nonfunctional

The exchange of these materials occurs through the placenta, a transient organ that occurs from fetal and maternal tissue and exists only in pregnancy.
From the PLACENTA, oxygenated blood flows through the UMBILICAL VEIN to the DUCTUS
VENOSUS into the IVC. The IVC takes the oxygenated blood into the RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart.

22
Q

(1) From the right atrium, the blood flows along 3 routes, in the fetal heart, simultaneously….

A

rt atrium -> foramen ovale -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> AORTA

23
Q

(2) From the right atrium, the blood flows along 3 routes, in the fetal heart, simultaneously….

A

rt atrium–> tricuspid valve–> right ventricle–> pulmonary trunk–> pulmonary arteries –> lungs –> pulmonary veins -> left atrium–> bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> AORTA

24
Q

(3) From the right atrium, the blood flows along 3 routes, in the fetal heart, simultaneously….

A

rt atrium–> tricuspid valve–> right ventricle–> pulmonary trunk–> ductus arteriosus–> AORTA

25
Q

When the blood arrives in the aorta from all of these different routes, it flows into _____ _____ and eventually into the __ ______ _____ off the ______ _____ _____and then back to the ______ for CO2 and other waste products to diffuse into the maternal blood and to pick up more oxygen. Note that the maternal and fetal circulatory systems do not physically join, but exchange materials through diffusion. At birth, changes occur within the heart, affecting the flow of blood throughout this organ. Many of these changes are caused by pressure changes that occur with the first breath.

A

When the blood arrives in the aorta from all of these different routes, it flows into SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION and eventually into the 2 UMBILICAL ARTERIES off the INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY and then back to the PLACENTA for CO2 and other waste products to diffuse into the maternal blood and to pick up more oxygen.

26
Q
  1. Umbilical vein
A

becomes the ligamentum teres

27
Q
  1. Ductus venosus
A

becomes the ligamentum venosum
bypasses the liver

28
Q
  1. Umbilical artery
A

becomes the median umbilical ligaments

29
Q
  1. Foramen Ovale
A

becomes the fossa ovalis
bypasses the lungs
connects the right and left atrium

30
Q
  1. Ductus Arteriosus
A

becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
bypasses the lungs
connects the pulmonary artery and aorta

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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