Chapter 21

Question 1

Ifluenza Pandemic

Answer 1

an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the world population.

Question 2

Surrealism

Answer 2

a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.

Question 3

Cubism

Answer 3

an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture.

Question 4

Jazz

Answer 4

a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States,[1] in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime.

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

belief in or stress on the practical application of a thing, in particular.

Question 6

Prohibition Era

Answer 6

the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment. prohibition.

Question 7

Black Tuesday

Answer 7

October 29, 1929. On this date, share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression.

Question 8

Great Depression

Answer 8

a devastating economic recession beginning on October 29, 1929, after the crash of the U.S. stock market, lasting nearly a decade.

Question 9

The New Deal

Answer 9

a group of U.S. government programs of the 1930s. President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the programs to help the country recover from the economic problems of the Great Depression.

Question 10

FDR

Answer 10

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Question 11

Maginot Line

Answer 11

The Maginot Line, named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany.

Question 12

Ramsey McDonald

Answer 12

James Ramsay MacDonald, FRS was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party Prime Minister, leading Labour governments in 1924, 1929–1931 and, having been expelled from the party he had helped to found, a National Government from 1931 to 1935.

Question 13

Irish Republican Army

Answer 13

The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is any of several armed movements in Ireland in the 20th and 21st centuries dedicated to Irish republicanism, the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent republic.

Question 14

The Easter Rising

Answer 14

The Easter Rising, also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week, April 1916.

Question 15

The Weimar Republic

Answer 15

an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place.

Question 16

Mohandas Gandhi

Answer 16

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Question 17

Igbo Women’s War of 1929

Answer 17

Aba Women’s Riots (November-December 1929) The “riots” or the war, led by women in the provinces of Calabar and Owerri in southeastern Nigeria in November and December of 1929, became known as the “Aba Women’s Riots of 1929” in British colonial history, or as the “Women’s War” in Igbo history.

Question 18

Kenya

Answer 18

a country in East Africa with coastline on the Indian Ocean. It encompasses savannah, lakelands, the dramatic Great Rift Valley and mountain highlands.

Question 19

Pan-Africa

Answer 19

a worldwide intellectual movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent.

Question 20

Civil Disobedience

Answer 20

the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Question 21

Indian National Congress

Answer 21

a broad-based political party in India. Founded in 1885, the Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.

Question 22

Mussolini

Answer 22

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943.

Question 23

Stalin

Answer 23

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.

Question 24

The Black Shirts

Answer 24

The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, commonly called the Blackshirts or squadristi, was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party and, after 1923, an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy.

Question 25

Corporatist State

Answer 25

Corporate statism or state corporatism is a political culture and a form of corporatism whose adherents hold that the corporate group which is the basis of society is the state. The state requires all members of a particular economic sector to join an officially designated interest group.

Question 26

Egypt

Answer 26

a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East, dates to the time of the pharaohs.

Question 27

Adolf Hitler

Answer 27

a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

Question 28

Anglo

Answer 28

a prefix indicating a relation to the Angles, England, the English people, or the English language, such as in the term Anglo-Saxon language.

Question 29

Egyptian Treaty

Answer 29

a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt.

Question 30

Five Year Plan

Answer 30

(especially in the former Soviet Union) a government plan for economic development over five years. The first such plan in the Soviet Union was inaugurated in 1928.

Question 31

Command Economy

Answer 31

an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.

Question 32

Ghana

Answer 32

nation on West Africa’s Gulf of Guinea, is known for diverse wildlife, old forts and secluded beaches, such as at Busua.

Question 33

Belgian Congo

Answer 33

a Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century.

Question 34

Fascism

Answer 34

an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

Question 35

Pablo Picasso

Answer 35

Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.

Question 36

Abstract Expressionism

Answer 36

a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.

Question 37

Nazi Party

Answer 37

The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help. · info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism.

Question 38

Mass Communication

Answer 38

the imparting or exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people.

Question 39

New Economic Policy

Answer 39

The New Economic Policy (NEP) was based around a tax called prodnalog, which was a tax on food. By introducing a tax, Lenin was essentially admitting that he was taxing something people owned. Requisition had forcibly taken food under War Communism.

Question 40

Collective Farms

Answer 40

a jointly operated amalgamation of several small farms, especially one owned by the government.

Question 41

Purge

Answer 41

rid (someone) of an unwanted feeling, memory, or condition, typically giving a sense of cathartic release.

Question 42

Authoritarianism

Answer 42

the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.

Question 43

SS

Answer 43

a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers’ Party in Nazi Germany.

Question 44

Secret Police

Answer 44

a police force working in secret against a government’s political opponents.

Question 45

The Spanish Civil War

Answer 45

widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil) or The War (Spanish: La Guerra), took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning and relatively urban Second Spanish Republic in an alliance of convenience with the Anarchists, versus the Nationalists, a falangist, Carlist, and a largely aristocratic conservative group led by General Francisco Franco.