Ancient Japan and China Flashcards
Ming Dynasty
the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
Qing Dynasty
the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917.
Examination System
the basic support for the ongoing study of the Confucian classics during late-imperial times and could be said to have been the impetus behind the school curriculum that was followed all over China, even at the level of the village school for young boys.
Opium
dried latex obtained from the opium poppy.
Taiping Rebellion
a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace.
Beijing
Capital of China
Treaty of Nanjing
a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842.
Taiwan
a state in East Asia.
Empress
a female emperor.
Ci Xi
a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.
Self-Strengthening Movement
a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers
Imperial City
section of the city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the Forbidden City at its center.
Porcelain
a white vitrified translucent ceramic; china.
Boxer Rebellion
a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty.
Tokugawa Shogunate
the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867.
Commodore Matthew Perry
a Commodore of the United States Navy and commanded a number of ships.
Meiji Restoration
also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
Consulate
the place or building in which a consul’s duties are carried out.
Eta
the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet ( Η, η), transliterated as ‘e’ or ‘ē.’
Edo
also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo.
The Hermit Kingdom
a term applied to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world.
Isolation
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated.
Rangaku (Dutch Learning)
a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641–1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of national isolation (sakoku).
