Chapter 11 - The Age of Exploration

Question 1

Conquistador

Answer 1

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Question 2

Colony

Answer 2

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

Question 3

Mercantilism

Answer 3

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

Question 4

Balance of Trade

Answer 4

the difference in value between a country’s imports and exports.

Question 5

The Compass

Answer 5

an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic “cardinal directions”, or “points”.

Question 6

Joint Stock Company

Answer 6

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Question 7

Triangular Trade

Answer 7

a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

Question 8

Colombian Exchange

Answer 8

the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries

Question 9

Middle Passage

Answer 9

the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

Question 10

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 10

To divide trading and colonizing rights for all newly discovered lands of the world located between Portugal and Castile (later applied between the Spanish Crown and Portugal) to the exclusion of other European nations

Question 11

Henry the Navigator

Answer 11

an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.

Question 12

Christopher Columbus

Answer 12

an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 13

Vasco de Gama

Answer 13

a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

Question 14

Hernan Cortes

Answer 14

a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.

Question 15

Zheng He

Answer 15

a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China’s early Ming dynasty.

Question 16

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 16

a Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Question 17

Spice Trade

Answer 17

refers to the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric were known and used in antiquity for commerce in the Eastern World.

Question 18

Encomienda System

Answer 18

created by the Spanish to control and regulate American Indian labor and behavior during the colonization of the Americas.

Question 19

Dutch East India Company

Answer 19

originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.

Question 20

Arawak

Answer 20

a group of indigenous peoples of South America and historically of the Caribbean.

Question 21

The Philippines

Answer 21

a Southeast Asian country in the Western Pacific, comprising more than 7,000 islands.

Question 22

Fort Jesus Mombasa

Answer 22

Imposing, 16th-century, Portuguese coastal fort with museum displaying Kenyan archeological finds.

Question 23

Kongo Kingdom

Answer 23

an African kingdom located in west central Africa in what is now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the southernmost part of Gabon.

Question 24

Menin Tribe

Answer 24

a social division in a traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader.