Chapter 20

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 2

Rosorgimento

Answer 2

Italian unification, or the Risorgimento, was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.

Question 3

Young Italy Movement

Answer 3

a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.

Question 4

Giuseppe Mazzini

Answer 4

an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. Wikipedia

Question 5

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer 5

an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.

Question 6

Liberal

Answer 6

open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.

Question 7

Unification

Answer 7

the process of being united or made into a whole.

Question 8

Otto Von Bismarck

Answer 8

Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.

Question 9

Kaiser

Answer 9

the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 10

The Vollverein

Answer 10

The Zollverein or German Customs Union was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Organized by the 1833 Zollverein treaties, the Zollverein formally came into existence on 1 January 1834.

Question 11

The Junkers

Answer 11

were the members of the landed nobility in Prussia. They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights.

Question 12

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 12

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

Question 13

Realpolitik

Answer 13

a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Question 14

Czar Alexander

Answer 14

Alexander I reigned as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825. He was the son of Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. Alexander was the first Russian King of Poland, reigning from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland. He was sometimes called Alexander the Blessed.[2]

Question 15

Emanicipation

Answer 15

the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.

Question 16

Serfs

Answer 16

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.

Question 17

Social Democratic Party

Answer 17

a social-democratic political party in Germany.

Question 18

Autocrat

Answer 18

a ruler who has absolute power.

Question 19

Pogroms

Answer 19

violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews.

Question 20

Nihilists

Answer 20

a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.

Question 21

Duma

Answer 21

a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.

Question 22

Tanzimant Reforms

Answer 22

a series of edicts between 1839 and 1876 intended to preserve the weakening Ottoman Empire.

Question 23

Dual Monoarchy

Answer 23

occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing.

Question 24

Crimean War

Answer 24

a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Question 25

Treaty of San Stefano

Answer 25

a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, on 3 March [O.S. 19 February] 1878 by Count Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev and Aleksandr Nelidov on behalf of the Russian Empire and Foreign Minister Safvet Pasha and Ambassador to Germany Sadoullah Bey on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.

Question 26

Militarism

Answer 26

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Question 27

Alliance System

Answer 27

a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes.

Question 28

Triple Alliance

Answer 28

also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.

Question 29

Triple Entente

Answer 29

the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.

Question 30

Kulturkampf

Answer 30

a German term referring to a set of policies enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck, in relation to secularity and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Prussia.

Question 31

Reichstag

Answer 31

a historical edifice in Berlin, Germany, constructed to house the Imperial Diet, of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Diet until 1933, when it was severely damaged after it was set on fire.

Question 32

Treaty of Prague

Answer 32

a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 33

Francis Joseph I

Answer 33

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and many others from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation.