Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 20 THE HEART > Flashcards

Chapter 20 THE HEART Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

heart factoids

A

size of fist, less than a pound, beats an av of 100,000 times a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pulmonary Circuit pump

A

pumps sCo2 rich blood and O2 deficient, to the lungs. Blood is pumped through the lungs by the heart to reverse these gasses in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Systemic circuit pump

A

blood returns to heart from lungs rich in O2 and low in Co2 and is pumped to rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arteries

A

efferent vessels that carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Veins

A

Afferent, carry blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Capillaries

A

Connect arteries and veins, referred to as exchange vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cavity where the heart is located

A

mediastinum, between plural cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apex

A

tip of the heart lies just above the diaphragm, left of the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Base

A

wide and directed towart the right shoulder

base is on top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pericardium

A

double walled fibrous sac the encloses the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

loosely fitting, superficial part of sac anchoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

parietal pericardium

A

lines internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Visceral Pericardium (epicardium)

A

upon the heart…layer covers surface of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

serous fluid

A

fluid between parietal, visceral layers, prevents friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle layer, contracting part of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Myocardium characteristics

A

pg. 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intercalated discs

A

membranes of adjacent cells are held together by desmosomes and linked by gap junctions; this propagates action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endocardium

A

inner most layer. most internal layer, made of simple squamous epithelium, provides a smooth surface to prevent clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chambers of the heart

A

pg. 3, fig 20-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flow of blood, ex. cr.

A

pg. 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coronary vessels

A

blood supply to the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

coronary arteries

A

first branches of the ascending aorta supplying nutrient/oxygen rich blood to myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

arterial anastomomosis

A

joining up of vessels to maintain good blood supply despite fluctuation in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
coronary veins
arteries merge with veins that will return blood to the right atrium
26
Cardiac conduction pathway
beating of the heart is regulated by electrical activity of the myocardium cardiac muscle cells contract spontaneously; the heart generates its own heartbeat called automaticity
27
conducting system cells
control/coordinate heartbeat through action potential
28
contractile cell
produce contractions that propel blood
29
The entire heart contracts in what series
1st the atria, then the ventricles; there is lag time between the beginning of the electrical impulse and the contraction (calcium entering sarcoplasm)
30
Impulse route
pg. 7 fig 20-12
31
electrocardiogram
electrical events in the cardiac cycle can be recorded (EKG or ECG)
32
P wave
depolarizing of atria
33
QRS complex
ventricles depolarize contraction of ventricles. happens shortly after that
34
T wave
ventricles repolarizing
35
P-R interval
from the start of atrial depolarization to the start of the QRS complex
36
Q-T interval
from the time the ventricles depolarize to the time that they repolarize
37
Action Potential of cardiac muscle | 1.Rapid depolarization
cause: Na+ entry duration: 3-5 msec ends with: closure of voltage-gated fast sodium channels
38
Action Potential of cardiac muscle | 2. The Plateau
cause: Ca2+ entry Duration: 175 msec ends with: closure of slow calcium channels
39
Action Potential of cardiac muscle | 3. Repolarization
cause: K+ loss Duration: 75 msec Ends with: closure of slow potassium channels
40
Energy for cardiac contractions
aerobic reactions occur when mitochondria break down fatty acids and glucose and in the presence of O2 convert them to ATP, O2 is stored in myogloblin for normal circulation
41
Cardiac Cycle
sequences of events in one heart beat= simultaneous contraction of the two atria followed by the simultaneous contraction of the ventricles, followed by a rest period
42
Systole
contraction
43
diastole
relaxation
44
cardia cycle, Atrial systole | 3:
1. blood flows passively to rgt. atrium & ventricle during atrial & ventricular diastole 2. pressure builds as more blood enters rgt. atrium & it contracts, filling ventricles to capacity 3. atrial diastole occurs
45
Ventricular systole | ventricles enter_____ at the same time the atria enter _____
systole | diastole
46
Ventricular systole (phase #1)
forces the L and R AV valves closed but there is not enough pressure to eject blood into arteries...pressure continues to rise until it exceeds pressure in the arterial trunks
47
Ventricular systole (phase #2, called ventricular ejection)
ventricle contract strong enough to send blood into aortic and pulmonary trunks
48
stroke volume of heart
amount of blood pumped by ventricle per beat, 60-80 mL of blood
49
Ejection fraction
the percent of blood in a ventricle that is pumped during ventricle systole = pumps out 60% of the blood
50
End systolic volume
amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when semilunar valves closed
51
what gives the heart a rest for every beat?
ventricular diastole paired with atrial diastole
52
S1- the lubb-loudest and longest
ventricular systole CLOSING the AV valves
53
S2-dupp-ventricular diastole
closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
54
S3-blood flowing into the?
ventricles
55
S4
atrial contraction
56
Pulse=heart rate, a healthy adult has a resting heart rate of
60-80 beats per min, which is also the rate of depolarization of the SA node
57
child pulse
100 beats per min
58
Infant pulse
120 beats per min
59
athletes pulse
35-50 beats per min
60
Cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one min. determined by stroke volume x heart rate
61
average cardiac output
5-6 liters per min.
62
starling's law of the heart
the more the cardiac muscle fibers are stretched the more forcefully they contract
63
venous return
the amount of blood returning to the heart through veins; if the amount increases the atrial walls stretch causing a more rapid depolarization
64
Factors affecting heart rate, autonomic innervation
parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions innervate the heart innnervating both the SA and AV nodes, the atrial muscles fibers and ventricular muscle cells

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions