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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 14 Packet Review > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Packet Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricles

A

four cavities within the brain lined with ependymal cells

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2
Q

Lateral Ventricles are separated by the?

A

septum pellucidum

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3
Q

Third ventricle connects to the lateral ventricles by the?

A

interventricular foramen

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4
Q

fourth ventricle connects to the 3ed by the____? and is continuous with the _____? of the spinal cord?

A

cerebral aquaduct

central canal

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5
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Capillary network found within the ventricles that forms cerebral spinal fluid, the tissue fluid of the CNS

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6
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

A

Cushion and floats the brain
diffusion of gasses
you produce 2 cups per day, replaced every eight hours

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7
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

absords old CSF; if it is blocked it can cause hydrocephalus

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8
Q

Flow of CSF?

A

lateral ventricle and third ventricle -4th ventricle - central canal of spinal cord - cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces

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9
Q

Capillary cells joined by___ in the blood brain barrier?

A

tight junctions

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10
Q

Astrocytes

A

provide chemical messages to control permeability of the capillaries

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11
Q

High amounts of ____ are readily transported for a constant energy supply

A

glucose

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12
Q

Small amounts of what are allowed through the blood brain barrier?

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine

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13
Q

Blood CSF Barrier

A

specialized ependymal cells connected by tight junctions and surround choroid plexus

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14
Q

4 Exception to the blood brain barrier

A

hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, pineal gland, choroid plexus

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15
Q

Dura Mater is _____ layered? Outer layer connecting to the ___ of the skull, leaving no____?

A

double layered
periostium
epideral space

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16
Q

Dura Folds

A

dura mater dips into creases of the brain

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17
Q

falx cerbri

A

between cerebral hemisphere

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18
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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19
Q

falx cerebelli

A

cerebellar hemispheres

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20
Q

arachnoid mater

A

lacy network similar to spinal cord

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21
Q

pia mater

A

adheres to the surface of the brain by astrocytes, extends into folds of the brain

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22
Q

3 things that protect brain tissue?

A
  1. meninges in the cell act as seat belt and holds brain in place
  2. blood brain barrier (like shatter proof glass) limits permeability
  3. CSF (like airbag) cushions, floats the brain and allows diffusion of necessary chemicals
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23
Q

*5 functions of the medulla oblongata to KNOW?

A
  1. links brain to spinal cord
  2. regulates heart rate & force of contraction
  3. regulates distribution of blood flow
  4. sets the pace of respiratory movement
  5. relays and integrates visceral sensory info to the ANS
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24
Q

3 functions of the pons?

A
  1. Receives sensory info and returns motor info to the jaw muscles, anterior surface of face, eye muscles, and internal ear
  2. modifies breathing rhythm set by the medulla oblongata through the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
  3. Relays info to and from cerebellum
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25
Q

Autonomic processing center is the?

A

Cerebellum

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26
Q

Cerebellum location?

A

large posterior, inferior regions of the brain

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27
Q

Functions of Cerebellum?

A

balance and equilibrium (refines learned movement patterns to make them smooth)

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28
Q

Midbrain; superior colliculus of the corpora quadrigemina?

A

reflex movements of: eyes, head, neck and trunck in response to visual stimuli

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29
Q

Midbrain; Inferiour colliculus of the corpora quadrigemina?

A

auditory reflex, movement of head, neck and trunck in response to an auditory stimulus

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30
Q

Midbrain; Reticular activating system

A

makes you more alert and attentive

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31
Q

Midbrain; Subconscious control

A

upper limb position and muscle tone

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32
Q

Diencephalon

A

integrates sensory info with motor output at the subconscious level; includes the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

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33
Q

Pineal Gland

A

endocrine structure, secretes melatonin which regulates sleep/wake cycles and reproductive cycles

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34
Q

Thalamus Location?

A

superior to the hypothalamus; right and left thalamus is separated by the 3rd ventricle

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35
Q

What determines the thalamus function?

A

thalamic nuclei groups

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36
Q

Thalamus function; Anterior group responsible for?

A

limbic which involves emotion and motivation

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37
Q

Thalamus function; medial group

A

awareness of emotions by connecting the hypothalamus to the frontal lobes

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38
Q

Thalamus Function; Ventral group relays sensory info about?

A

touch, pressure, pain, temperature and proprioception

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39
Q

Thalamus, anterior group?

A

resposible for limbic which is emotion and motivation

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40
Q

Thalamus function; Lateral group affects emotional states by connecting the____ system to the ______lobes of the cerebrum

A

Limbic

Parietal

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41
Q

Hypothalamus, the_____gland?

Location

A

master
in the floor of the 3rd ventricle superior to the pituitary gland; a stalk connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

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42
Q

Mamillary bodies

A

“brain boobs” olefactory sensations and reflex movements associated with: eating, licking, chewing and swallowing

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43
Q

The hypothalamus can be stimulated by what 3 processes?

A
  1. sensory info from cerebrum, brain stem, spinal cord
  2. changes in the CSF and interstitial fluid
  3. Chemical stimuli in blood since there is not BBB here
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44
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#1
A

subconscious control of skeletal muscle contraction (sexual movement)

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45
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#2
A

adjusts/coordinates heart rate, blood pressure, respiration…

46
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#3
A

Produces/secretes hormones that regulate hormone production in pituitary

47
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#4
A

Secretes antidiuretic hormone/keeps you hydrated. synthesizes oxytocin which stimulates muscle contractions in the reproduction organs

48
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#5
A

sweating/shivering=temp. regulation

controls vasodialation and v-constriction

49
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#6
A

regulates hunger and thirst

50
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#7
A

Integrates ANS functions: fight or flight

51
Q 
Functions of the Hypothalamus
#8
A

controls body rhythms like sleep and mood cycles

52
Q

The Limbic System is your _______ system?

A

motivational

53
Q

Location of Limbic system?

A

between cerebrum and the diencephalon; a functional grouping (not anatomical)

54
Q 
4 Functions of the Limbic system
#1
A

Processing memories, creation of emotion and motivation

55
Q 
Functions of the Limbic system
#2
A

Rage, fear, pain, pleasure/sexual arousal

56
Q 
Functions of the Limbic system
#3
A

amygdala regulates heart rate, fight or flight response and links emotion with memory

57
Q 
Functions of the Limbic system
#4
A

hipocampus=how you learn

storage and retrival of new long term memories (like learning this shizz)

58
Q

Cerebrum is the ___ part of the brain?

A

largest

59
Q

The cerebrum has ____ _____ separated by the ____ _____?

A

Two hemispheres

longitudinal fissure

60
Q

The cerebrum is connected by the___ _____?

A

corpus collosum

61
Q

Each hemisphere of the cerebrum houses a ___ ____?

A

lateral ventricle

62
Q

Function of the cerebrum

A

Receives sensory info and sends motor info to opposite sides of the body: Two hemispheres, each with completely different functins

63
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

grey matter=cell bodies of neurons

64
Q

grey matter

A

cell bodies of neurons make it grey

65
Q

Gyri

A

estensive folds of cerebral oortex creates more surface area (2.5 sq.ft.)

66
Q

Sulci

A

grooves between gyri

67
Q

White matter

A

medula brain; myelinated axons and dendrites that connect the lobes of the cerebrum together

68
Q

Association Fibers

A

connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

69
Q

arcuate fibers

A

short and curved, pass from one gyris to another

70
Q

Longitudinal Fasicule

A

long association fibers that connect the frontal lobe to other lobes in the same hemisphere

71
Q

commissural fibers

A

allow communication between hemispheres

72
Q

corpus callosum

A

200 million neurons that connect the right and left sides of the brain

73
Q

Projection fibers

A

link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord

74
Q

Basal Nuclei are paired masses of ____ ____ matter within the ___ ____ of the ____ ______?

A

gray matter
white matter
cerebral hemispheres

75
Q

The function of the basal nuclei?

A

subconscious voluntary movement working in conjunction with the cerebellum
Regulates muscle tone and coordinates accessory movements (I.E. arms swinging when walking)

76
Q

What causes Parkinson’s Disease?

A

basal nuclei is inhibited by dopamine, if this fails the basal nuclei overreact and cause increased muscle tone

77
Q

With Parkinson’s Disease ___ movements are difficult to start because_____muscle groups do not ____

A

voluntary
opposing
relax (they have to be over powered)

78
Q

The frontal lobe is located in the ___ ___ of the ___ ?

A

anterior half

cerebrum

79
Q

Function of the frontal lobe?

A

motor and premotor areas

80
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

responsible for voluntary movement. The large portion is dedicated to precise movements of the face and hands

81
Q

The left side of the primary motor cortex controls movement on the ____ side of the body (& visa versa)

A

Right

82
Q

Premotor Cortes

A

learned motor movements that require a sequence of movements. It is not a reflex but you perform the task without thinking about it like tying your shoes

83
Q

Speech Center

A

in Left frontal lobe, controls muscle to move mouth for speaking, breathing and vocalization

84
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

predicts consequences of future events with feelings of: frustration, tension and anxiety (totally what you are feeling right now!)

85
Q

Prefrontal coxtex control ____, intellectual functions, like: ___, ___, & ____

A

conscious

speech, writing & math

86
Q

Lobotomy

A

removal of a part of the prefrontal cortes to alleviate feeling of frustration, tension or anxiety; left w/o tact; now drugs replace this procedure

87
Q

Parietal lobe is located ____ to frontal lobes and _____ to temporal lobes

A

posterior

superior

88
Q

Parietal lobes function is?

A

sensory

89
Q

Primary sensory cortex

A

receives impulses from receptors in the skin to interpret changes in the environment

90
Q

The primary sensory cortex also receives impulses from____ ____ in muscles, resulting in ____ ____ ____

A

stretch receptors

conscious muscle sense

91
Q

somatic sensory association areas

A

monitors activity of primary sensory cortex to help you recognize a stimulus so you can respond (mostly for face and hands)

92
Q

The Temporal Lobe is on the ______ sides of the cerebrum

A

Lateral

93
Q

The temporal lobe function?

A

sensory and speech

94
Q

Olfactory areas receive impulse from the ___ ___ for ____

A

naval cavity

smell

95
Q

Auditory areas receive impulses from the ___ ___ for ___ and ____ _____

A

inner ear

hearing & word recognition

96
Q

Insula is located ____ to the ___ ____?

A

medial

lateral sulcus

97
Q

Insula’s function is?

A

sensory

98
Q

Gustatory Cortex

A

taste

99
Q

Occipital lobe is located in the ____ section of the cerebrum, ___ to the cerebellum

A

posterior

superior

100
Q

The Occipital lobe function?

A

vision, spatial relationships (judging distance)

101
Q

visual association area

A

interprut what it sees then sends the info to the thinking part of the cerebrum to be acted on (I.E. reading and understanding it)

102
Q

auditory association area

A

interprut what it hears then sends info to thinking part of the cerebrum to be acted on

103
Q

General interpretive areas are areas of the____ that provide ____ by integrating ___ ___ with visual and auditory memories

A

cerebrum
personality
sensory info

104
Q

Hemispheric Lateralization:

Left hemisphere?

A

dominant

language based skills, reading, writing, hand movement control for right handed people, LOGIC…

105
Q

Hemispheric Lateralization:

Right hemisphere?

A

sensory relationships, id objects using senses, face recognition and emotional context for conversation

106
Q

12 Cranial Nerves (PNS)

A

see other deck
oh oh oh to touch a female vagina gives vinny a hard on!
some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most!

107
Q

Thalamus, medial group

A

awareness of emotional states by connecting the hypothalamus to the frontal lobes

108
Q

Thalamus, ventral group

A

relays sensory info: touch, pressure, pain, temperature and proprioception to the areas of the cerebral cortex

109
Q

Thalamus, Posterior group

A

integrates sensory info to project to the association areas of the cerebral cortex; receives visual info from the optic tract and relays auditory info to cerebral cortex from the inner ear

110
Q

Thalamus, Lateral group

A

affects emotional states by connecting the limbic system to the parietal lobes of the cerebrum

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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