Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 13 Packet Review > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Packet Review Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord ends between?

A

L1 and L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons outside the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ventral roots contain?

A

the axons of motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A spinal nerve is formed when?

A

the dorsal and ventral roots merge and are bound together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spinal nerves are___nerves; they contain both___&___fibers within a sheath

A

mixed

sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A thoracic spinal nerves name reflects the vertebrae just ___it?

A

Above (I.E. the T1 nerve is just below the T1 vertebrae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A cervical spinal nerve reflects the vertebrae type right____it?

A

Below (I.E. the C3 nerve is just above the C3 vertebrae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

There are___ cervical vertebrae, but ___ cervical nerves

A

7, 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lengthening of the spinal cord ends at what age?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinal Meninges

A

provide physical stability & shock absorption, oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dura Mater

A

“Tough Mother” outermost layer made of fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

“Spider” middle spinal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arachnoid Trabeculae

A

network of collagen and elastin fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

between arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. Contains cerebral spinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CSF, Cerebral Spinal Fluid

A

absorbs shock, acts as diffusion for gases and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pia Mater

A

“delicate mother” innermost layer, very thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Grey Matter

A

deep to white matter. make up the horns of the spinal cord. consists of: cell bodies, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nuclei

A

masses of grey matter within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dorsal horn______nuclei?

Ventral horn______nuclei?

A

sensory

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White matter

A

superficial tissue of the spinal cord that contains myelinated and unmyelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 region of ______ in the spinal cord?

A

white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior white commissure

A

regions where axons cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tract

A

bundle of axons in CNS with similar structure and function
short tracts send sensory or motor info within spinal cord
Longer tracts connect the spinal cord with the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nerves

A

a group of axons from many neurons with vascularization throughout three connective tissue layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Epineurium

A

outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Perineurium

A

Middle layer, compartmentalize bundles of axons

28
Q

Endoonerurium

A

innermost layer surrounds individual axons

29
Q

4 steps of peripheral distribution of spinal nerves: Step 1?

A

!. sympathetic nerve, dorsal ramus and ventral ramus carry senory info through the dorsal root to the somatic and visceral nuclei

30
Q

Step 2 of distribution of spinal nerves?

A
  1. spinal cord interprets info
31
Q

Step 3 of distribution spinal nerves?

A
  1. response info is sent to visceral somatic motor nuclei in the ventral horn
32
Q

Step 4 of distribution of spinal nerves

A
  1. info then travels through ventral root and separated into dorsal, ventral or sympathetic rami
33
Q

Rami Communicantes

A

white and grey rami together in motor pathway

34
Q

White rami gets its name from?

A

first branch from the spinal nerve carrying visceral motor fibers to a sympathetic ganglion; mylination gives it a light color

35
Q

Gray rami gets its name from?

A

unmyelinated, postganglionic fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscles in the body and wall and limbs

36
Q

Dermatome

A

a map of the body where a region of skin surface is monitered by a single pair of spinal nerves

37
Q

Nerve Plexus

A

ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves that lend their fibers and produce a series of compund nerve trunks

38
Q

4 main plexuses?

A
  1. cervical
  2. brachial
  3. lumbar
  4. sacral
39
Q

Name the location and what the Cervical plexus innervates?

Phrenic nerve?

A
  1. C1 - C5
  2. innervates muscles of the neck and diaphragm
    * phrenic nerve provides nerve supply to the ENTIRE diaphragm
40
Q

Name the location and what the lumbar plexus innervates?

A
  1. T12 - L4

2. innervates the lower limbs and pelvic girdle

41
Q

Name the location and what the sacral plexus innervates

A
  1. L4 - S4

2. innervates the lower limbs

42
Q

2 nerves the sciatic nerve branches into?

A

fibular and tibial

43
Q

Neuronal Pools

A

functional groups of interconnected neurons; scattered or localized with a limited number of input sources and output destination

44
Q

The human body has:
? sensory neurons
? motor neurons
? interneurons

A

10 million sensory
1/2 million motor
20 billion inter

45
Q

Divergence

A

spread of info from one neuron to several

46
Q

Convergence

A

many neurons synapse on 1 post synaptic neuron

47
Q

Serial Processing

A

Sequential process w/info moving from one neuron to another

48
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Divergence happens first then several neurons can process the some info SIMULTANEOUSLY

49
Q

Reverberation

A

Causes a pos. feedback loop by further stimulating the presynaptic neuron

50
Q

Reflex

A

involuntary responses to a stimulis

51
Q

Spinal cord refles

A

reflex that does not depend on the brain

52
Q

Reflex Arc

A

the pathway nerve impulses travel when a reflex is elicited; exhibits negative feedback

53
Q

Part 1 of Reflex Arc?

A

Receptor-detect stimulus and generate impulses (foot on tac)

54
Q

Part 2 of Reflex Arc?

A

Sensory neurons-transmit a graded potential that leads to an action potential that travels along the dorsal root

55
Q

Part 3 of Reflex Arc?

A

CNS-contains one or more synapses

56
Q

Part 4 of Reflex Arc?

A

Motor neurons-transmit impulses from the CNS to the effector through the vental root

57
Q

Part 5 of Reflex Arc?

A

Effector-performs its characteristic action (pulling foot away from pain)

58
Q

Innate reflex

A

form during development (chewing, suckling)

59
Q

Acquired Reflexes

A

learned motor patterns enhanced by repetition (driving a car)

60
Q

Stretch Reflexes

A

muscle that is stretched will automatically contract. Always monosynaptic

61
Q

4 Steps of Stretch Reflex?

A
  1. muscle spindles are stretched
  2. sensory neurons get excited
  3. motor neurons are stimulated
  4. rapid muscle contraction to return muscle spindle to resting state
62
Q

Tendon Reflexes

A

Polysynaptic; monitors tension on tendon

63
Q

Withdrawal Reflexes

A

Polysynaptic; move effected body parts away from stimulus. It is triggered by pain

64
Q

Flexor Reflex

A

Polysynaptic; painful stimulus will automatically cause the effected part to recoil

65
Q

Crossed Extensor Reflexes

A

Polysynaptic; the motor response occurs on the side opposite the stimulus

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions