chapter 20 - endocrine & hematologic

Question 1

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

Answer 1

symptomatic hypoglycemia

Question 2

An abnormally high blood glucose level

Answer 2

hyperglycemia

Question 3

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation

Answer 3

thrombophilia

Question 4

An abnormally low blood glucose level

Answer 4

hypoglycemia

Question 5

A condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medications

Answer 5

type 2 diabetes

Question 6

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including dehydration, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

Answer 6

symptomatic hyperglycemia

Question 7

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

Answer 7

endocrine glands

Question 8

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

An autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common

Answer 9

type 1 diabetes

Question 10

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders

Answer 10

hematology

Question 11

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

insulin

Question 12

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that can result from a primary illness

Answer 12

acidosis

Question 13

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin

Answer 13

diabetes mellitus

Question 14

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

Answer 14

Kussmaul respirations

Question 15

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system. When the clot occurs in a cerebral artery, it may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke

Answer 15

thrombosis

Question 16

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

Answer 16

polyphagia

Question 17

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine

Answer 17

polyuria

Question 18

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body

Answer 18

vasoocclusive crisis

Question 19

A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage

Answer 19

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Question 20

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped

Answer 20

sickle cell disease

Question 21

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors

Answer 21

hemophilia

Question 22

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones

Answer 22

endocrine system

Question 23

A form of hypoglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

Answer 23

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 24

Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; they regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature

Answer 24

hormones

Question 25

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination

Answer 25

polydipsia