chapter 20 - endocrine & hematologic Flashcards
Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status
symptomatic hypoglycemia
An abnormally high blood glucose level
hyperglycemia
A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation
thrombophilia
An abnormally low blood glucose level
hypoglycemia
A condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medications
type 2 diabetes
A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including dehydration, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia
symptomatic hyperglycemia
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body
endocrine glands
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
glucose
An autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common
type 1 diabetes
The study and prevention of blood-related disorders
hematology
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
insulin
The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that can result from a primary illness
acidosis
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin
diabetes mellitus
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body
Kussmaul respirations
A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system. When the clot occurs in a cerebral artery, it may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke
thrombosis
Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
polyphagia
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine
polyuria
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body
vasoocclusive crisis
A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped
sickle cell disease
A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors
hemophilia
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones
endocrine system
A form of hypoglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
diabetic ketoacidosis
Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; they regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature
hormones
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination
polydipsia
