chapter 13 - shock & pathophysiology Flashcards
The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure and digestion of food
autonomic nervous system
A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood
cyanosis
The ability of the heart muscle to contract
myocardial contractility
Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction
Sensitization
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow
pulmonary embolism
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium
pericardial effusion
The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
Decompensated shock
Muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube or opening
Sphincters
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries
Neurogenic shock
A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion
Hypovolemic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by a low output of blood from the heart
Cardiogenic shock
A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C)
Hypothermia
An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
Anaphylaxis
Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)
Psychogenic shock
A balance of all systems of the body
Homeostasis
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
Anaphylactic shock
A swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall
Aneurysm
The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
Compensated shock
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps
Afterload
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion
Shock
Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output
Cardiac tamponade
Loss of water from the tissues of the body
Dehydration
Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection
septic shock
The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels
Perfusion
A condition that occurs when there is a widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both
Distributive shock
The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area
Edema
The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up
Preload
Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues
Obstructive shock
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness
Syncope
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
Pulse pressure
