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EMS > chapter 10 - pt assessment > Flashcards

chapter 10 - pt assessment Flashcards

1
Q

The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person, place, time, and event

A

Orientation

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2
Q

The process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to severity of injury and medical need

A

triage

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3
Q

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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4
Q

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway

A

stridor

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5
Q

An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds

A

pulse oximetry

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6
Q

The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out of the left ventricle and into the major arteries

A

pulse

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7
Q

A mnemonic used in evaluating a patients pain: Onset, Provocation/palliation, quality, region/radiation, severity and timing

A

OPQRST

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8
Q

To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope

A

Auscultate

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9
Q

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures

A

Sclera

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10
Q

A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body

A

altered mental status

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11
Q

A step within the patient assessment process performed at regular intervals during the assessment process to identify and treat changes in a patient’s condition

A

Reassessment

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12
Q

A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

A

Crepitus

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13
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that provides details about the patient’s chief complaint and an account of the patient’s signs and symptoms

A

History taking

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14
Q

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest

A

paradoxical motion

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15
Q

Respirations characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion

A

shallow respirations

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16
Q

An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward

A

tripod position

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17
Q

The average pressure in the circulatory system during one cardiac cycle

A

mean arterial pressure

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18
Q

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention

A

pertinent negatives

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19
Q

Objective finding that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled or measured

A

sign

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20
Q

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways

A

wheezing

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21
Q

The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best

A

Golden Hour

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22
Q

Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient

A

symptom

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23
Q

The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved into or out of the lungs during one breath

A

tidal volume

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24
Q

A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath

A

two-to-three-word dyspnea

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25
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide info about scene safety and the MOI / NOI before you enter and begin patient care

A

scene size-up

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26
Q

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

A

perfusion

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27
Q

Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction

A

jaundice

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28
Q

The reason a patient called for help

A

chief complaint

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29
Q

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

A

standard precautions

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30
Q

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide info on a patient’s ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism

A

capnography

31
Q

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells; also called cellular respiration

A

metabolism

32
Q

Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold

A

frostbite

33
Q

Blood pressure that is higher than the normal range

A

hypertension

34
Q

Widening of the nostrils, indicating there is an airway obstruction

A

nasal flaring

35
Q

A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure

A

capillary refill

36
Q

The secondary muscles of respiration

A

accessory muscles

37
Q

Involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement

A

guarding

38
Q

A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed

A

secondary assessment

39
Q

Narrowing of a blood vessel

A

vasoconstriction

40
Q

A slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

41
Q

To examine by touch

A

palpate

42
Q

An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open

A

sniffing position

43
Q

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

A

cyanosis

44
Q

A type of physical assessment typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients

A

focused assessment

45
Q

Characterized by light or profuse sweating

A

diaphoretic

46
Q

Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways

A

rhonchi

47
Q

The key signs that are used to evaluate the patient’s overall condition, including respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics

A

vital signs

48
Q

The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch) and painful stimuli

A

responsiveness

49
Q

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F

A

hypothermia

50
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats

A

primary assessment

51
Q

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle (diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest

A

diastolic pressure

52
Q

A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues

A

subcutaneous emphysema

53
Q

A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling

A

DCAP-BTLS

54
Q

The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles (systole)

A

Systolic pressure

55
Q

A system implemented to manage disasters and mass-casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance/adminstration, logistics, operations, and planning, report to the incident commander

A

incident command system

56
Q

Blood pressure that is lower than the normal range

A

hypotension

57
Q

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them

A

blood pressure

58
Q

The conclusion about the cause of the patient’s condition after considering the situation, history, and examination findings

A

field impression

59
Q

Breathing that occurs without assistance

A

Spontaneous respirations

60
Q

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing

A

nature of illness

61
Q

Crackling, rattling breath sounds that signal fluid in the air spaces of the lungs

A

crackles

62
Q

A brief history of a patient’s condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the injury or illness

A

SAMPLE history

63
Q

The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that causes injury

A

mechanism of injury

64
Q

Knowledge and understanding of one’s surroundings and the ability to recognize potential risks to the safety of the patient or EMS team

A

situational awareness

65
Q

An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope

A

breath sounds

66
Q

Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material

A

personal protective equipment

67
Q

An injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries

A

distracting injury

68
Q

The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care

A

general impression

69
Q

A component of air that typically makes up 0.03% of air at sea level; also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory level

A

carbon dioxide

70
Q

The use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired

A

labored breathing

71
Q

A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive

A

AVPU scale

72
Q

A rapid heart rate, more than 100bpm

A

tachycardia

73
Q

Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration

A

retractions

EMS (23 decks)

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