chapter 18 - neurologic

Question 1

A state of profound unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be roused

Answer 1

coma

Question 2

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 2

stroke

Question 3

An abnormally high blood glucose level

Answer 3

hyperglycemia

Question 4

A type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel

Answer 4

ischemic stroke

Question 5

An abnormally low blood glucose level

Answer 5

hypoglycemia

Question 6

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children

Answer 6

febrile seizures

Question 7

A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

Answer 7

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 8

The inability to understand and/or produce speech

Answer 8

aphasia

Question 9

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

Answer 9

atherosclerosis

Question 10

A swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall

Answer 10

aneurysm

Question 11

A seizure characterized by severe twitching of all the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more; formerly known as a grand mal seizure

Answer 11

generalized seizure

Question 12

The period following a seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status

Answer 12

postictal state

Question 13

A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body

Answer 13

altered mental status

Question 14

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system. When the clot occurs in a cerebral artery, it may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke

Answer 14

thrombosis

Question 15

Slurred speech

Answer 15

dysarthria

Question 16

A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset

Answer 16

transient ischemic attack

Question 17

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

Answer 17

syncope

Question 18

A disorder in which abnormal electrical discharges occur in the brain, causing seizures and possible loss of consciousness

Answer 18

epilepsy

Question 19

A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain

Answer 19

focal seizure

Question 20

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissue of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow

Answer 20

ischemia

Question 21

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage of blood flow

Answer 21

embolus

Question 22

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a stroke

Answer 22

cerebrovascular accident

Question 23

A neurologic episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain; can be a convulsion characterized by generalized, uncoordinated muscular activity, and can be associated with loss of consciousness

Answer 23

seizure

Question 24

Weakness on one side of the body

Answer 24

hemiparesis

Question 25

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes

Answer 25

status epilepticus

Question 26

A temporary change in mental status characterized by disorganized thoughts, inattention, memory loss, disorientation, hallucinations, delusions, or a decreased level of consciousness

Answer 26

delirium

Question 27

Loss of bowel and/or bladder control; may be the result of a generalized seizure

Answer 27

incontinence

Question 28

A sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur

Answer 28

aura