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Kin 101 FINAL > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

cell membrane

A

selectively permeable

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2
Q

Remember mass balance

A

amount comes in has to come out

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3
Q

what happens if GFR stops

A

no ability to regulate osmalarity

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4
Q

water loss that can be regulated

A

urine

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5
Q

what controles fluid and electrolyte balance

A

renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

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5
Q

what controles fluid and electrolyte balance

A

renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

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6
Q

behavioral mechanisms

A

thirst and salt craving

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7
Q

What effects cell volume

A

ECF osmolarity

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8
Q

solute in terstitial medulla

A

Urea

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9
Q

solute in terstitial medulla

A

Urea

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10
Q

The Medullary Osmotic Gradient

A
  1. Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more concentrated as it loses water.
  2. Blood in the vasa recta removes water leaving the loop of Henle.
  3. The ascending limb pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl-, and filtrate becomes hyposmotic. (lower osmotic pressure)
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10
Q

The Medullary Osmotic Gradient

A
  1. Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more concentrated as it loses water.
  2. Blood in the vasa recta removes water leaving the loop of Henle.
  3. The ascending limb pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl-, and filtrate becomes hyposmotic. (lower osmotic pressure)
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11
Q

Ascending loop of henle transport types

A

Cotransport
Active transport (Na)
Impermeability to Water (NO WATER)

Chemical Gradient (everything else)
Electrochemical balance

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11
Q

Ascending loop of henle transport types

A

Cotransport
Active transport (Na)
Impermeability to Water (NO WATER)

Chemical Gradient (everything else)
Electrochemical balance

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12
Q

h2o movement

A

driven by the osmotic gradient between the tubule and interstitial fluid

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13
Q

What is impermeable to ions

A

escending loop of henle

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14
Q

What reabsorbs water and ions

A

Vasa Recta

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15
Q

What reabsorbs water and ions

A

Vasa Recta

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16
Q

Osmolarity of Urine:

A

how much water is excreted in the urine by the kidneys (alters amount of Na and Water reabsorbed in nephron)

17
Q

Diuresis

A

removing excess water in urine

18
Q

Low osmolarity

High

A

Dilute urine (kidney reabsorb ions but not water)
H - Concentrated Urine (Kidney reabsorb water not solute)

19
Q

Vasopressin

A

= water reabsorbtion
secreted by posterior pituitary
greater vasopressin = greater water conservation
acts on Collecting duct cells

20
Q

In distal nephron does water follow Na?

A

NO, Vasopressin is required in distal nephron to make it permeable to H2o

21
Q

more vasopressin effect on urine

A

causes high concentration of urine

22
Q

No vasopressin

urine

A

diluted urine as water is not reabsorbed in the nephron

23
Q

vasopressin effect on permiability

A

yes it has an effect to make collecting duct more permeable to water

24
Q

Stimuli for vasopressin

A

Plasma osmolarity
Blood pressure
Blood volume

24
Q

Stimuli for vasopressin

A

Plasma osmolarity
Blood pressure
Blood volume

25
Q

Distal portion of nephron Na reabsorbtion

A

Reulated by aldosterone (steroid hormone)

25
Q

Distal portion of nephron Na reabsorbtion

A

Reulated by aldosterone (steroid hormone)

26
Q

Aldosteron

A

target is principle cells of Distal tubules and collecting ducts
Increases Na reabsorbtion and K secretion

26
Q

Aldosteron

A

target is principle cells of Distal tubules and collecting ducts
Increases Na reabsorbtion and K secretion

27
Q

Aldosteron is regulated by

A

Increased extracellular K+ concentrations.
- (hyperkalemia)
Decreased blood pressure
Angiotenssin 2 - stimulates aldosterone secretion.
Decreased plasma Na+.
Increased ECF osmolarity. Inhibits aldoterone

28
Q

aldoterone response

A

early - Result is increased Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion
slower - Allows for a quicker response and greater capacity for Na+ reabsorption

29
Q

What inhibits renin

A

High fluid flow causes macula densa to release paracrine to inhibit renin

30
Q

ANG II effects

A
  • Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone
    Increases blood pressure through these pathways:
  • ANG II increases vasopressin secretion
  • ANG II stimulates thirst
  • ANG II is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors
  • Activation of ANG II receptors in the cardiovascular control center increases sympathetic output to the heart and blood vessels
  • ANG II increases proximal tubule Na reabsorbtion (followed by water reabsorbtion)
31
Q

Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

Promotes Na and water excretion

Does opposite of RAAS

32
Q

RAAS vs ANP

A

RAAS wants to increase water and Na reabsorbtion
ANP increases water and Na excretion

32
Q

RAAS vs ANP

A

RAAS wants to increase water and Na reabsorbtion
ANP increases water and Na excretion

33
Q

pH

A

drops = increase acidity
normal plasma range = 7.38-7.42

34
Q

Ph changes

A

Denature proteins
affect nervous system (acidosis = less excitable)(alkalosis=more excitable)

34
Q

Ph changes

A

Denature proteins
affect nervous system (acidosis = less excitable)(alkalosis=more excitable)

35
Q

How to regulate pH

A

Buffers (1st line of defense, and decreases effect of pH change, found in ICF and ECF) (eg - Bicarbonate/ Hb)
Molecule that moderates changes in pH by binding or releasing H+.
Ventilation
Rapid and reflexive control of pH by changes in ventilation.
Kidneys
Renal regulation of H+(direct) and HCO3- (indirect)(excrete or reabsorb)

35
Q

How to regulate pH

A

Buffers (1st line of defense, and decreases effect of pH change, found in ICF and ECF) (eg - Bicarbonate/ Hb)
Molecule that moderates changes in pH by binding or releasing H+.
Ventilation
Rapid and reflexive control of pH by changes in ventilation.
Kidneys
Renal regulation of H+(direct) and HCO3- (indirect)(excrete or reabsorb)

36
Q

High osmolarity effect on aldosterone

A

inhibits aldosterone

Kin 101 FINAL (8 decks)

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