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Kin 101 FINAL > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

selectively permeable

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2
Q

Remember mass balance

A

amount comes in has to come out

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3
Q

what happens if GFR stops

A

no ability to regulate osmalarity

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4
Q

water loss that can be regulated

A

urine

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5
Q

what controles fluid and electrolyte balance

A

renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

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5
Q

what controles fluid and electrolyte balance

A

renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

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6
Q

behavioral mechanisms

A

thirst and salt craving

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7
Q

What effects cell volume

A

ECF osmolarity

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8
Q

solute in terstitial medulla

A

Urea

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9
Q

solute in terstitial medulla

A

Urea

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10
Q

The Medullary Osmotic Gradient

A
  1. Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more concentrated as it loses water.
  2. Blood in the vasa recta removes water leaving the loop of Henle.
  3. The ascending limb pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl-, and filtrate becomes hyposmotic. (lower osmotic pressure)
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10
Q

The Medullary Osmotic Gradient

A
  1. Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more concentrated as it loses water.
  2. Blood in the vasa recta removes water leaving the loop of Henle.
  3. The ascending limb pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl-, and filtrate becomes hyposmotic. (lower osmotic pressure)
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11
Q

Ascending loop of henle transport types

A

Cotransport
Active transport (Na)
Impermeability to Water (NO WATER)

Chemical Gradient (everything else)
Electrochemical balance

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11
Q

Ascending loop of henle transport types

A

Cotransport
Active transport (Na)
Impermeability to Water (NO WATER)

Chemical Gradient (everything else)
Electrochemical balance

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12
Q

h2o movement

A

driven by the osmotic gradient between the tubule and interstitial fluid

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13
Q

What is impermeable to ions

A

escending loop of henle

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14
Q

What reabsorbs water and ions

A

Vasa Recta

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15
Q

What reabsorbs water and ions

A

Vasa Recta

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16
Q

Osmolarity of Urine:

A

how much water is excreted in the urine by the kidneys (alters amount of Na and Water reabsorbed in nephron)

17
Q

Diuresis

A

removing excess water in urine

18
Q

Low osmolarity

High

A

Dilute urine (kidney reabsorb ions but not water)
H - Concentrated Urine (Kidney reabsorb water not solute)

19
Q

Vasopressin

A

= water reabsorbtion
secreted by posterior pituitary
greater vasopressin = greater water conservation
acts on Collecting duct cells

20
Q

In distal nephron does water follow Na?

A

NO, Vasopressin is required in distal nephron to make it permeable to H2o

21
Q

more vasopressin effect on urine

A

causes high concentration of urine

22
No vasopressin | urine
diluted urine as water is not reabsorbed in the nephron
23
vasopressin effect on permiability
yes it has an effect to make collecting duct more permeable to water
24
Stimuli for vasopressin
Plasma osmolarity Blood pressure Blood volume
24
Stimuli for vasopressin
Plasma osmolarity Blood pressure Blood volume
25
Distal portion of nephron Na reabsorbtion
Reulated by aldosterone (steroid hormone)
25
Distal portion of nephron Na reabsorbtion
Reulated by aldosterone (steroid hormone)
26
Aldosteron
target is principle cells of Distal tubules and collecting ducts Increases Na reabsorbtion and K secretion
26
Aldosteron
target is principle cells of Distal tubules and collecting ducts Increases Na reabsorbtion and K secretion
27
Aldosteron is regulated by
Increased extracellular K+ concentrations. - (hyperkalemia) Decreased blood pressure Angiotenssin 2 - stimulates aldosterone secretion. Decreased plasma Na+. Increased ECF osmolarity. **Inhibits aldoterone**
28
aldoterone response
early - Result is increased Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion slower - Allows for a quicker response and greater capacity for Na+ reabsorption
29
What inhibits renin
High fluid flow causes macula densa to release paracrine to inhibit renin
30
ANG II effects
- Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone Increases blood pressure through these pathways: - ANG II increases vasopressin secretion - ANG II stimulates thirst - ANG II is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors - Activation of ANG II receptors in the cardiovascular control center increases sympathetic output to the heart and blood vessels - ANG II increases proximal tubule Na reabsorbtion (followed by water reabsorbtion)
31
Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Promotes Na and water excretion | Does opposite of RAAS
32
RAAS vs ANP
RAAS wants to increase water and Na reabsorbtion ANP increases water and Na excretion
32
RAAS vs ANP
RAAS wants to increase water and Na reabsorbtion ANP increases water and Na excretion
33
pH
drops = increase acidity normal plasma range = 7.38-7.42
34
Ph changes
Denature proteins affect nervous system (acidosis = less excitable)(alkalosis=more excitable)
34
Ph changes
Denature proteins affect nervous system (acidosis = less excitable)(alkalosis=more excitable)
35
How to regulate pH
Buffers (1st line of defense, and decreases effect of pH change, found in ICF and ECF) (eg - Bicarbonate/ Hb) Molecule that moderates changes in pH by binding or releasing H+. Ventilation Rapid and reflexive control of pH by changes in ventilation. Kidneys Renal regulation of H+(direct) and HCO3- (indirect)(excrete or reabsorb)
35
How to regulate pH
Buffers (1st line of defense, and decreases effect of pH change, found in ICF and ECF) (eg - Bicarbonate/ Hb) Molecule that moderates changes in pH by binding or releasing H+. Ventilation Rapid and reflexive control of pH by changes in ventilation. Kidneys Renal regulation of H+(direct) and HCO3- (indirect)(excrete or reabsorb)
36
High osmolarity effect on aldosterone
inhibits aldosterone

Kin 101 FINAL (8 decks)

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