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Kin 101 FINAL > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood volume difference

A

Male blood - 5 litters in males
Femal blood - 4 litters in females
Circulate all litters of blood per minute

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2
Q

Blood vessel structures

A

Arteries- Biggest
- Act as pressure reservoir
- Thick layers of vascular smooth muscles
- Lots of elastic and fibrous connective tissue
Arterioles
- Site of variable resistance
- Part of the microcirculation
- Less elastic and more muscular
Metarterioles - Smallest
- Branches of arterioles
- Partial smooth muscle layer
- Precapillary sphincters open and close to direct blood flow to capillaries or venous circulation

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3
Q

Angiogenesis

A

development of new blood vessels
- Necessary for normal development
- Enhances heart and skeletal muscle blood flow

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

Thinnest walls
single layer of epithelial cells
support - basal lamina
density is related to metabolic activity

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5
Q

Venules

A

Receive blood from capillaries
Thin exchange epithelium
Little connective tissue
Convergent pattern of flow

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6
Q

Veins

A

Thin walls of vascular smooth muscles
Contain one-way valves, prevent backward flow
More numerous than arteries
Lie closer to the body surface
Less elastic tissue

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6
Q

Veins

A

Thin walls of vascular smooth muscles
Contain one-way valves, prevent backward flow
More numerous than arteries
Lie closer to the body surface
Less elastic tissue

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7
Q

Site of exchange for blood and interstitial fluid?

A

Capilaries and postcapilary venules

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8
Q

inner layer is endothelium

A

secretes paracrine factors
Regulates blood pressure, blood vessel growth, and absorption

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8
Q

How does blood flow?

A

Ohms Law
Flow = pressure/resistance
or
Q = MAP / R
if mmHg (P) is the same then flow is the same

Flows when there is a + pressure gradient, does not depend on absolute P

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9
Q

Posouilles Law

R = resistence

A

v = viscosity
l = length
r^4 = radius
R = 8lv / r4π

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10
Q

Total Cross sectional

A

increases as blood vessels branch
Each branching vessel is smaller but the combined diameter (total area where blood can flow) is greater!

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11
Q

Velocity of blood

A

as CSA increases, Velocity will decrease

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12
Q

TPR

A

Total peripheral resistance
greater TPR = Harder for blood to flow

Length, viscocity and diameter effect resistence*

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12
Q

TPR

A

Total peripheral resistance
greater TPR = Harder for blood to flow

Length, viscocity and diameter effect resistence*

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13
Q

What Effects MAP

A

blood Volume
Cardiac output
Resistence of blood flow
Distribution of blood b/w venous and arterial vessels
MAP = QxR
or
MAP - DIA + (1/3 (SYS-DIA))

Q=Cardiac output
DIA = Dialstolic Pressure

14
Q

What maintains blood flow during ventricular relaxation

A

elastic systemic arteries

15
Q

Pulse pressure

A

SYS-DIA

16
Q

MATH SV, Q, EF%

A

SV = EDV - ESV
Q = HRxSV
EF = (SV / EDV) x 100

16
Q

MATH SV, Q, EF%

A

SV = EDV - ESV
Q = HRxSV
EF = (SV / EDV) x 100

17
Q

Desirable Blood Pressure

A

120/80 (SYS and DIA) or less

17
Q

Desirable Blood Pressure

A

120/80 (SYS and DIA) or less

18
Q

Hypotension vs Hypertension

MAP

A

Hypotension is lower than normal M A P, hypertension is higher than normal M A P

18
Q

Hyperemia

A

Local increase in blood flow
active - Increases metabolism, increases blood flow, Arterioles dialate, Nutrient and )2 supply to tissue would increase

19
Q

Influences of Arteriole resistence

A

Locally or systematically controlled

20
Q

Myogenic autoregulation

A

adjusts blood flow

21
Q

Paracrine signals

A

influence vascular smooth muscle.
Released and reacts close by
secreted by epithelium or cells

21
Q

What system effects vessel diameter

A

Symoathetic system

22
Q

Catecholamines: Types

A

Nuerotransmitter - norepi
Neurohormone - epi

23
Q

Specificity of receptors eg

A

Only adregenic receptors bind to the two types of catacholamines

24
Q

Catecholamines: Receptors

A

Alpha receptors—most common symp receptor—respond strongly to NE
β1-receptors- respond equally strongly to norepinephrine and epinephrine.
β2-receptors more sensitive to E

25
Q

Tonic modulation

A

Signals increase = vessels constrict
Signals decrease = vessels dialate

25
Q

B2

location

A

Sensitive to Epi
Found in vessels leading to heart, skeletal muscle, and liver

25
Q

B2

location

A

Sensitive to Epi
Found in vessels leading to heart, skeletal muscle, and liver

26
Q

EPi effect on different receptors

released by adrenal medulla

A

a1 = consriction
B2 = dialates

27
Q

Kidney is responsible for

A

Removing excess fluid

28
Q

If blood volume decrease, then pressure decreases

A

Lost fluid volume compensated through drinking (slow) or
intravenous infusion (rapid)
Vasoconstriction and (rapid)
Sympathetic stimulation of heart (rapid)

Kin 101 FINAL (8 decks)

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