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Kin 101 FINAL > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the Kidney (6)

A

Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
Regulation of osmolarity
Maintenance of ion balance
Homeostatic regulation of pH
Excretion of wastes
Production of hormones

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2
Q

Kidney facts

A

99% of fluid that enters the kidneys returns to the blood
The kidneys filter 180 L of plasma each day. -
125 ml/min.
Therefore, the total plasma volume (~3 L) is filtered 60 times/day.
- Other capillary beds filter ~3 L/day.
Average volume of urine leaving the kidneys is 1.5 L/day.

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3
Q

Renal blood supply

A

20% of resting CO

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4
Q

Portal system of kidney

A

goes from - Afferent arteriole  glomerulus  efferent arteriole  peritubular capillaries/vasa recta

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4
Q

Portal system of kidney

A

goes from - Afferent arteriole  glomerulus  efferent arteriole  peritubular capillaries/vasa recta

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5
Q

layers of kidney

A

Cortical (80% of nephrons)
Justamedullary (20% of nephrons,(bottom of loop of henle))

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6
Q

layers of kidney

A

Cortical (80% of nephrons)
Justamedullary (20% of nephrons,(bottom of loop of henle))

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7
Q

Tubular Elements of the Kidney

A

Bowman’s capsule is the site of plasma filtration with the *glomerulus
- Together referred to as renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle – descending limb and ascending limb
Distal tubule
Collecting ducts – converge and drain into the renal pelvis
Distal nephron* – distal tubule and collecting ducts
Juxtaglomerular apparatus – ascending limb passes between afferent and efferent between arterioles at the glomerulus

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8
Q

Function of Proximal Nephron

A

Filtration
Reabsorbtion
Secretion

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8
Q

Function of Proximal Nephron

A

Filtration (Blood to lumen) (renal corpuscle - bowmens + glomerulus) (20% plasm is filtered in nephron, 99% return to blood later)
Reabsorbtion (Lumen to blood)
Secretion (blood to lumen)
Excretion (lumen to out of body)

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9
Q

Filtration barriers

A

Capillary Endothelium
Basal Lamina
Epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule

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10
Q

Urinary system id composed of…

A

two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra

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10
Q

Urinary system id composed of…

A

two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra

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11
Q

FIltration, reabsorbtion, secretion

A

Filtration -movement of fluid from plasma to Bowman’s capsule.
Reabsorption- movement of filtered materials from tubule to blood.
Secretion - movement of selected molecules from blood to tubule.

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12
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of kidney

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12
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of kidney

13
Q

pressures effecting Glomerular filtration

A

Capillary blood pressure (+filtration)
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure (-fitration, pushes fluid back to plasma)
Capsule fluid pressure - Opposes filtration

14
Q

Colloid Osmotic pressure + Hyrodrostatic pressure (bowmans) =

A

Hydrostatic pressure (glomerulus)

15
Q

Does MAP effect GFR

A

A very minimal affect

16
Q

GFR is controlled by

A

Renal arterioles

17
Q

GFR is controlled by

A

Renal arterioles (most from afferent)

18
Q

How doe GFR increase or decrease

A

Renal blood flow, mean arterial pressure, and the permeability of Bowman’s Capsule

19
Q

GFR hormones

A

Angiotensin II = Vasoconstriction

20
Q

How do hormones increase membrane permeability?

A

by changing the size of the filtration slits or contraction of the mesangial cells

20
Q

How do hormones increase membrane permeability?

A

by changing the size of the filtration slits or contraction of the mesangial cells

21
Q

glomerular filtration rate

A

amount of fluid that filters into Bowman’s capsule per unit time. Average GFR is 125 mL/min, or 180 L/day.

22
Q

GFR autoregulation

A

Myogenic response (responds to pressure changes)
Tubuloglomerular feedback (local or paracrine control)
Hormones and autonomic neurons also influence GFR

23
Q

Renin

A

secreted by granular cells, involved in salt and water balance

24
Q

Modified portions of tubule eg

A

macula densa cells (causes afferent arteriole to contrict when fluid flows past, causing GFR to derease)

25
Q

Paracrines in feedback loops…

A

ATP
Nitric oxide
adenosine

26
Q

Reabsorbtion

location, type of transport

A

PCT (proximal tubules)
Active or passive transport
H2O follows Sodium

27
Q

Na+ and SGLT protein

A

Pulls glucose against the concentration gradient

27
Q

Na+ and SGLT protein

A

Pulls glucose against the concentration gradient

28
Q

steps of reabsorbtion (4)

A

1) Na is reabsorbed (Active Transport)
2) Electrochemical gradient causes Anion reabsorbtion
3) H2O moving by osmosis, causing fluid volume in lume to decrease, and others increase
4) Permeable solutes (K+, Ca) are reabsorbed by diffusion.

28
Q

steps of reabsorbtion (4)

A

1) Na is reabsorbed (Active Transport)
2) Electrochemical gradient causes Anion reabsorbtion
3) H2O moving by osmosis, causing fluid volume in lume to decrease, and others increase
4) Permeable solutes (K+, Ca) are reabsorbed by diffusion.

Kin 101 FINAL (8 decks)

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