Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory System Functions

A

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
Homeostatic regulation of body pH
Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
Vocalization

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2
Q

what creates the pressure gradients

A

Muscle pumps

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3
Q

Resistence of air flow

A

Airway diameter
Wider airways have less resistance
BRONCHOCONSTRICTION increases resistance
Parasympathetic
BRONCHODILATION decreases resistance
Sympathetic: 2 receptors on smooth muscles relax in response to epinephrine

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4
Q

Pleural sac

A

double membrane surrounding the lungs

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5
Q

External vs internal resp

A

E: Atmosphere to blood
I - getting Gasses and waste out of the cell

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5
Q

External vs internal resp

A

E: Atmosphere to blood
I - getting Gasses and waste out of the cell

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6
Q

Steps of External resp

A

1) ventilation
2) Alveolar diffusion
3) Cardiac Output
4) Tissue diffusion

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7
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 alveolar cells

A

T1- Gas exchange
T2 - surfanctan (producing)

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8
Q

Lungb compliance

A

Willing to get bigger when it needs to

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9
Q

Surfactant

A

Reduces surface tension, More is found in smaller alveoli to equalize pressure
Contains phospholipids and protiens

Premeis have bad surf concentrations

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10
Q

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

A

upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and exchange surfaces of the alveoli

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10
Q

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

A

upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and exchange surfaces of the alveoli

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11
Q

Elastance

A

the ability of a lung to resist stretching, or return to prestretched faze

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12
Q

Functions of airways

A

Warm, humidify, and filter the air

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13
Q

Gas Laws

A

Dalton’s law
Total pressure equals sum of all partial pressures

Boyle’s law (PV=PV)
describes pressure-volume relationships

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14
Q

Daltons law with humid air

A

Subtract 47 from total pressure

15
Q

Pressure and volume relatioship

A

P increases = V decrease

16
Q

Lung VOLUMES

A

VT: Tidal Volume (normal breathing volume)

IRV: Inspiratory Reserve Volume (Forscully pulling more air in the lungs (added to tidal))

ERV: Expiratory Reserve Volume (Forscully pushing more of air out of lungs )

RV: Residual Volume (volume that stays in lungs at all times)

17
Q

Vital Capacity (VC) (know)

A

= VT + IRV + ERV

18
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (know)

19
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

A

= VT + IRV

20
Q

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

A

= RV + ERV

21
Q

Inspiration and expiration

A

I - Alveolor presure decreased
E - When Alveolor presure increased
Pressure is equal there is 0 flow

22
Q

Subatmospheric intrapleural pressure

A

Normally negative -3 mm Hg

Normally negative -3 mm Hg

23
Obstructive Lung Disease
Increase airway resistance eg. Asthma
24
Obstructive Lung Disease
Increase airway resistance eg. Asthma
25
Restrictive Lung Disease
Reduced lung compliance Pulmonary fibrosis
26
Hyperventilation
More O2 less CO2
27
Alveolar ventilation increases
Po2 increases, PCO2 decreases | Opp for hypoventilation
28
Dead space
Air found in trachea not used for gas exchange
29
Total pulmonary ventilation:
VE = VT × Fb (frequency of breathing)
30
Alveolar ventilation: | how much fresh air reaches the alveoli
Va = (VT − VD) x Fb | VD = Dead space volume
30
Alveolar ventilation: | how much fresh air reaches the alveoli
Va = (VT − VD) x Fb | VD = Dead space volume