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Kin 101 FINAL > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Respiratory System Functions

A

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
Homeostatic regulation of body pH
Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
Vocalization

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2
Q

what creates the pressure gradients

A

Muscle pumps

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3
Q

Resistence of air flow

A

Airway diameter
Wider airways have less resistance
BRONCHOCONSTRICTION increases resistance
Parasympathetic
BRONCHODILATION decreases resistance
Sympathetic: 2 receptors on smooth muscles relax in response to epinephrine

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4
Q

Pleural sac

A

double membrane surrounding the lungs

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5
Q

External vs internal resp

A

E: Atmosphere to blood
I - getting Gasses and waste out of the cell

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5
Q

External vs internal resp

A

E: Atmosphere to blood
I - getting Gasses and waste out of the cell

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6
Q

Steps of External resp

A

1) ventilation
2) Alveolar diffusion
3) Cardiac Output
4) Tissue diffusion

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7
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 alveolar cells

A

T1- Gas exchange
T2 - surfanctan (producing)

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8
Q

Lungb compliance

A

Willing to get bigger when it needs to

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9
Q

Surfactant

A

Reduces surface tension, More is found in smaller alveoli to equalize pressure
Contains phospholipids and protiens

Premeis have bad surf concentrations

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10
Q

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

A

upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and exchange surfaces of the alveoli

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10
Q

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

A

upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and exchange surfaces of the alveoli

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11
Q

Elastance

A

the ability of a lung to resist stretching, or return to prestretched faze

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12
Q

Functions of airways

A

Warm, humidify, and filter the air

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13
Q

Gas Laws

A

Dalton’s law
Total pressure equals sum of all partial pressures

Boyle’s law (PV=PV)
describes pressure-volume relationships

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14
Q

Daltons law with humid air

A

Subtract 47 from total pressure

15
Q

Pressure and volume relatioship

A

P increases = V decrease

16
Q

Lung VOLUMES

A

VT: Tidal Volume (normal breathing volume)

IRV: Inspiratory Reserve Volume (Forscully pulling more air in the lungs (added to tidal))

ERV: Expiratory Reserve Volume (Forscully pushing more of air out of lungs )

RV: Residual Volume (volume that stays in lungs at all times)

17
Q

Vital Capacity (VC) (know)

A

= VT + IRV + ERV

18
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (know)

A

VC + RV

19
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

A

= VT + IRV

20
Q

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

A

= RV + ERV

21
Q

Inspiration and expiration

A

I - Alveolor presure decreased
E - When Alveolor presure increased
Pressure is equal there is 0 flow

22
Q

Subatmospheric intrapleural pressure

A

Normally negative -3 mm Hg

Normally negative -3 mm Hg

23
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

Increase airway resistance
eg. Asthma

24
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

Increase airway resistance
eg. Asthma

25
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

Reduced lung compliance
Pulmonary fibrosis

26
Q

Hyperventilation

A

More O2 less CO2

27
Q

Alveolar ventilation increases

A

Po2 increases, PCO2 decreases

Opp for hypoventilation

28
Q

Dead space

A

Air found in trachea not used for gas exchange

29
Q

Total pulmonary ventilation:

A

VE = VT × Fb (frequency of breathing)

30
Q

Alveolar ventilation:

how much fresh air reaches the alveoli

A

Va = (VT − VD) x Fb

VD = Dead space volume

30
Q

Alveolar ventilation:

how much fresh air reaches the alveoli

A

Va = (VT − VD) x Fb

VD = Dead space volume

Kin 101 FINAL (8 decks)

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