Chapter 2 - Week 3: NATIONALISM (The Philippines of Rizal's Time)

Question 1

Who wrote “The Philippines of Rizal’s time”

Answer 1

Gregorio F. Zaide
Sonia M. Zaide

Question 2

11 issues/evils that caused hardship for the Filipinos during Spanish colonial

Answer 2

1. Instability of colonial administration
2. corrupt officialdom
3. no philippine representation in the Spanish cortes
4. human rights denied to filipinos
5. no equality before the law
6. maladministration of justice
7. racial discrimination
8. frailocracy
9. forced labor
10. haciendas owned by the friars
11. the guardia civil

Question 3

when did the instability of spanish politics began?

Answer 3

reign of King Ferdinand VII (1808-1833)

Question 4

What caused the spanish government to undergo frequent changes?

Answer 4

1. despostism
2. liberalism
3. explosions of the Carlist Wars

Question 5

refers to the absolute control by a ruler

Answer 5

despotism

Question 6

favored reforms, individual freedoms, and limiting power of the monarchy

Answer 6

liberalism

Question 7

refers to the series of civil wars in Spain between those who supported despotism and liberalism that made the struggles of Filipinos worse

Answer 7

explosions of the Carlist Wars

Question 8

how many constitutions were adopted by the spain from 1834-1862

Answer 8

4 constituions

Question 9

how many parliaments were elected by spain from 1834-1862

Answer 9

28 elected parliaments

Question 10

how many ministers with portfolios were installed by spain from 1834-1862

Answer 10

no less than 529 minsiters with portfolios

Question 11

2 reason why the political instability in spain adversely affected Philippine affairs

Answer 11

1. it brought about frequent periodic shifts in colonial policies
2. periodic rigodon (frequent reshuffling/rotation) of colonial officials

Question 12

how many governor generals ruled the Philippines from 1835 to 1897 (62 years)

Answer 12

50 governor general

Question 13

The philippines was ruled by 50 governor generals from 1835 to 1897, serving an average term of only __ year and __ moths

Answer 13

1 year and 3 moths

Question 14

At one time - from December 1853 to November 1854 - a peiod of less than a year, there were __ governors general

Answer 14

4 governors-general

Question 15

according to an anecdote: in the year 1850, a spanish jurist who was appointed oidor (magistrate) of the Royal Audience of Manila, left Madrid with his whole family and took the longer route via __ _ __ __, arriving in manila after a leisurely trip of about __ months. However, he found out that another jurist was laready occupying his position. During his travel, the ministry which appointed him fell in Madrid, amd the succeeding ministry named his successor who took the shorter route via the __ _ __ and reached manila earlier

Answer 15

longer route - Cape of Goo Hope (six months)
shorter route - Isthmus of Suez

Question 16

why the frequent change of colonial offcials hampered the political and development of the philippines

Answer 16

Hardly had one governor-general begun his administration when he was soon replaced by his successor. Naturally, no chief executive, no matter how able and energetic he was, could accomplish much for the colony

Question 17

With few exceptions, the colonial officials sent by spain to the philippines in the __ century were far cry from their able and dedicated predecessors of the __-__ centuries. they were either:

Answer 17

19th century
16th-18th centuries
highly corrupt, incompetent, cruel, venal

Question 18

the colonial officials sent by the spain in the philippines symbolized the decadent Spain of the 19th century and not the __ _ __, which produced Miguel Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Caldrom de la Barca, El Greco (Domenico Theotocopuli), Velasquez, St. Theresa de Avila, and other glories of the Hispanic nation

Answer 18

Siglo de Oro

Question 19

a boastful and ruthless governor general who executed Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (Martyrs of 1872)

Answer 19

General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873)

Question 20

who is the sucessor of General Rafael de Izquierdo who was known as a good Moro fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator

Answer 20

Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-1877)

Question 21

• a governor general for two terms (1880-1883 and 1897-1898)
• enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate

Answer 21

General Fernando Primo de Rivera

Question 22

• a cruel corrupt governor general of Hispanic - German ancestry
• arrived in Manila poor and returned to Spain a millionaire
• recieved huge bribes and gifts of diamonds for his wife from wealthy Chinese who evaded the anti-chinese law.

Answer 22

General Valeriano Weyler

Question 23

General Weyler was called by the filipinos “___” due to his brutal persecution of the calamba tenants, particularly family of Rizal and was cursed as “__ ___” by Cubans due to his ruthless reconcentration policy during his brief governorship in Cuba in 1896, causing the death of thousands of Cubans

Answer 23

tyrant
The Butcher

Question 24

an able militarist but heartless governor general and was widely detested by the Filipinos for executing rizal

Answer 24

General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-1897)

Question 25

colonies that Spain lost in latin america that caused numerous job-seekers and penniless Spanish sycophants to come in the Philippines where they become judges, provincial executives, army officers, and empleados.

Answer 25

1. Mexico 2. Guatemala 3. Chile 4. Argentina

Question 26

How did the spaniards became rich?

Answer 26

illegal means or by marrying the heiresses of rich filipino families

Question 27

Spanish writer and government offcial, bewailed the obnoxious facts that ignorants barbers and lackeys were apppointed provincial governors, and rough sailors and soldiers were named district magistrates and garrison commanders. (in sabotable ver, gi ctricized niya and mga unqualified individuals like uneducated na servants and barbers na gihatagan ug important positions)

Answer 27

Tomas De Comyn

Question 28

Why did the spain granted their colonies representation in the Cortes

Answer 28

to win their support during the Napoleonic invasion

Question 29

when did the philippines experienced their first period of representation in the cortes?

Answer 29

1810-1813

Question 30

- the first philippine delegate that took active part in the framing of the constitution of 1812 - one of the 184 signers of the constitution

Answer 30

ventura de los reyes

Question 31

Spain's first democratic constitution

Answer 31

constitution of 1812

Question 32

how many signers did the constitution of 1812 had?

Answer 32

184 signers

Question 33

who abolished galleon trade

Answer 33

Delegate de los reyes

Question 34

the ___ period of Philippine representation (1810-1813) in the Spanish Cortes was fruitful with beneficial results for the welfare of the colony

Answer 34

first period

Question 35

the ___ period (1820-1823) and ___ period (1834-1837) of Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes was less fruitful because the Philippines delegates were not as energetic and devoted in parliamentary works as De los Reyes

Answer 35

second and third peiod

Question 36

when did the representation of the overseas colonies (including philippines) in the spain cortes abolished?

Answer 36

1837

Question 37

-called for the restoration of Philippine representation in Spanish Cortes - implored in sonorous Castilian on October 12, 1883, during the 391st anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus in Madrid

Answer 37

Graciano Lopez-Jaena and his compatriots

Question 38

Lopez-Jaena and his compatriots plea for restoration of Philippines representation was ignored by Spain. However, ___ and __ ___ were granted representation in the cortes by the spanish constitution of 1876

Answer 38

cuba and puerto rico

Question 39

what spanish constitution granted the representation in the cortes of puerto rico and cuba

Answer 39

spanish constitution of 1876

Question 40

Until the end of Spanish rule in ___ (year), Philippine representation in the cortes was never restored

Answer 40

1898

Question 41

who launched the progapagana movement, which paved the way for the Philippin Revolution of 1896

Answer 41

Jose Rizal M.H. del Pilar Graciano Lopez-Jaena other youthful patriots

Question 42

Since the adoption of the spanish constitution of __ and other constitutions in succeeding years, the people of spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association , and other human rights (except freedom of religion) (so even though ang kari na constitution kay democratic institution, dili siya fully extended sa filipinos; still treated sila as colonial subjects)

Answer 42

spanish constitution of 1812

Question 43

- in 1834, a spanish diplomat and economist criticized the inconsistency questioning why spain fought for liberty for its own people but refused to extend those freedoms to the Filipinos - "why do we fall into an anomaly, such as combining our claim for liberty for ourselves, and our wish to impose our law on remote peoples? Why do we deny to others the benefit which we desire for our fatherlanad?"

Answer 43

Sinibaldo de Mas

Question 44

who introduced christianity into the philippines as early as 16th century, taught all men, irrespective of color and race, are children of God and as such they are brothers, equal before God

Answer 44

Spanish missionaries

Question 45

promulgated by the christian monarchs of spain to protect the rights of the natives in Spain's overseas colonies and to promote their welfare

Answer 45

Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indies)

Question 46

enforced in the philippines, particularly imposed heavier penalties on native filipinos or mestizos and lighter penalties on white-complexioned Spaniards

Answer 46

Spanish penal code

Question 47

prosecuting attorneys

Answer 47

fiscals

Question 48

situation of justice in the philippines during rizal's time

Answer 48

-costly,partial, and slow; corroupt; courts of "injustice"; judges, fiscals, and other courts were inept,venal, and often times ignorant of law -wealth, social prestige, and color of skin were preponderant factors in winning a case in court.

Question 49

example of spanish maladministration of justice where he was jailed in cavite without preliminary investigation and proper trial

Answer 49

Juan de la Cruz (1886-1898)

Question 50

Juan de la cruz was still in jail, waiting fro his trial when the americans landed in cavite after the ___ __ ___ __

Answer 50

battle of manila bay

Question 51

how many times and what year was dona teodora (rizal's mother) arrested and jailed on flimsy grounds

Answer 51

twice; 1871 and 1891

Question 52

when was rizal deported to dapitan without benefit of a trail

Answer 52

july 1892

Question 53

rizal's famil who wwere exiled to various parts of the arhipelago without due process of law

Answer 53

His brother Paciano several brothers-in-law

Question 54

what did many spaniards and their mestizo satellites called brown-skinned and flat nose Filipinos

Answer 54

indios (indians)

Question 55

Filipinos called spaniards with pale-complexioned detractors with the disparaging term "___"

Answer 55

bangus (milkfish)

Question 56

badge of vaunted superiority during rizal's time

Answer 56

white skin, high nose, and castilian lineage

Question 57

- bewailed the spanish misconception that a man's merit depended on the pigment of his skin, the height of his nose, the color of his hair, and the shape of his skull, and complained of the lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service of God and country.

Answer 57

Father Jose Burgos

Question 58

unique form of government in Hispanic Philippines, so named because it was " a government by friars"

Answer 58

frailocracy (frailocracia)

Question 59

since the days of spanish conquest, the ___ (_____,_____,___who controlled the religious and education life of the philippines, and later in the 19th century they came to acquire termendous political power, influence, and riches

Answer 59

friars (augustinians, dominicans, franciscans)

Question 60

the friars practically ruled the Philippines througha facade of __ ___

Answer 60

civil government

Question 61

who were under the control of friars

Answer 61

colonial authorities, from the governor general down to the alcades mayores

Question 62

they were not ruled by friar curate

Answer 62

unpacified (refused to submit to the will of the Spaniards) Islamic mindanao and sulu and in the pagan hinterlands

Question 63

aside from the priestly duties of friars what are its other duty?

Answer 63

1. supervisor of local elections 2. the inspector of schools and taxes 3. the arbiter (a person that has the legal authority to decide disputes) of morals 4. the censor of books and comedias (stage plays) 5. the superintendent of public works 6. and the guardian of peace and order

Question 64

- could send a patriotic filipino to jail or denounce him as fillibustero (traitor) to be exiled to a distant place or to be executed as an enemy of god and spain

Answer 64

friars

Question 65

2 faces of frailocracy

Answer 65

good face and bad face

Question 66

what is the bad face of frailocracy?

Answer 66

darkly portrayed by rizal and his contemporaries by way of retaliation against certain evil-hearted friars who persecuted them

Question 67

what is the good face of frailocracy?

Answer 67

refersr to the positive contribution made by friars, such as their role in education and religious life.

Question 68

argued that it would be ungrateful for filiponos to only focus on the friars' wrongdoings and ignore their beneficial influence

Answer 68

Dr. Jose P. laurel

Question 69

for spanish frairs, filipinos owe a lasting debt of gratitude to them because it made the philippines the only nation in asia with _____, __ and __-___ cultural heritage

Answer 69

Oriental, Latin and Hispanic-American cultural heritage

Question 70

bad friars who were recreant to their sublime calling and to the finest ttradition of Iberian pundonor

Answer 70

1. Fray Miguel Lucio 2. Bustamante 3. Fray Jose Rodriguez 4. Fray Antonio Piernavieja

Question 71

caricurated by Jaena as Fray botod

Answer 71

padre damaso and padre salvi

Question 72

good brethren

Answer 72

1. Fray andres de urdaneta 2. Fray martin rada 3. Fray juan de plasencia 4. bishop domingo de salazar 5. Fray francisco blancas de san jose 6. fray miguel de benavides

Question 73

-known as polo -compulsory labor imposed by the spanish colonial authorities on adults filipino males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals; building and repair of roads and bridges; the building of ships in the shipyards, and other public works.

Answer 73

Forced labor

Question 74

originally, filipino males from __ to __ years old were obliged to render forced labor for __ days a year

Answer 74

16 to 60 years 40 days per year

Question 75

The royal decree of __ __ ___ implemented the new regulations promulgated by the council of state of february 13 1885, increased the minimum age of polistas

Answer 75

Royal decree of July 12, 1883

Question 76

when and who promulgated the Royal decree of July 12, 1883 where new regulations of polo was implemented

Answer 76

council of state of february 13 1885

Question 77

those who performed the forced labor

Answer 77

polistas

Question 78

the mimimum age of polistas were increased from 16 to __, and reduced the days of labor from 40 to __

Answer 78

18 15

Question 79

sum of money paid to the government to be exmpted from the polo

Answer 79

falla

Question 80

reasons why filipino came to hate forced labor

Answer 80

due to the abuses connected with it 1. white spanish residents, contrary to law, were not recruited by the colonial authorities to perform the obligatory labor 2. the filipino polistas, according to law, were to receive a daily stipend of two pesetas (5o centavos) but actually received only a part of this amount and worse, they got nothing. 3. the annual forced labor caused so much inconvenience and suffering to the common people because it disturbed their work in farms and shops and also because they were sometimes compelled to work in construction projects far from teir homes and towns.

Question 81

-richest landlords -owned the best haciendas

Answer 81

spanish friars belonging to different religious orders

Question 82

what happened to the rural folks who had been living in these haciendas and cultivating them generation after generation

Answer 82

they became tenats

Question 83

why the friars were recognzed as the legal owners of said land

Answer 83

they obtained royalties of ownership from the spanish crown.

Question 84

one of the bloody agrarian revolts

Answer 84

agrarian upheaval in 1745-1746

Question 85

As early as in 1768, realizing the danger of the friar-owned haciendas to filipino-spanish relations, he recommended to the madrid government the sale of the friar estates

Answer 85

Governor Anda

Question 86

what did the filipino tenats reagrded the friar owners

Answer 86

usurpers of their ancestral lands

Question 87

when did governor Anda realized the danger of the friar-owned haciendas to filipino-spanish relations

Answer 87

As early as in 1768

Question 88

Rizal, whose family and relatives were tenants of the Dominician Estate of Calamba, tried to initiate ____ ___ in ___ , but in vain.

Answer 88

agrarian reforms in 1887

Question 89

Rizal's family and relatives were tenants of the ____ ___ _ ___

Answer 89

Dominican Estate of Calamba

Question 90

What is the title of the famous essay of rizal where he argued that the friar ownership of the productive lands contributed to the economic stagnation of the Philippines during the Spanish period

Answer 90

Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (Indolence of the Filipinos)

Question 91

- the last hated symbol of spanish tyranny - had rendered meritorious services in suppressing the bandits in the provinces - later became infamous

Answer 91

Guardia Civil

Question 92

The guardia civil was created by the ?

Answer 92

Royal decree of february 12, 1852

Question 93

amended the Royal decree of february 12, 1852

Answer 93

Royal Decree of March 24, 1888

Question 94

purpose of guardia civil

Answer 94

maintaining internal peace and order in the philippines

Question 95

The guardia civil created by the Royal decree of february 12, 1852 and amended the Royal decree of March 24, 1888 was patterned after the

Answer 95

the famous and well-disciplined Guardia Civil in spain

Question 96

why did the guardia civil became infamous

Answer 96

due to rampant abuses 1. maltreating innocent people 2. looting their carabaos, chickens, and valuable belongings 3. raping helpless women

Question 97

respected and well-liked by the populace

Answer 97

guarda civil in spain

Question 98

through ___ in noli me tangere, rizal exposed the guardia civil as bunch of ruthless ruffians good only for "disturbing the peace" and "persecuting honest man"

Answer 98

Elias

Question 99

rizal exposed the guardia civil as bunch of ruthless ruffians good only for "_____ __ ___" and "____ _____ __"

Answer 99

"disturbing the peace" and "persecuting honest man"

Question 100

What did Rizal propose to improve the military organizations

Answer 100

Having composed of good men who possessed: - education - good principles - conscious of the limitations and responsibilities of authority and power