Chapter 2 - Week 3: Nationalism (Filipino Nationalism) Flashcards
Result of a long process set in motion by Spanish misrule and exploitation
Emergence of Filipino nationalism
What are the (2) reasons that hastened (sped up) the emergence of Filipino Nationalism
Economic and political developments in the Philippines and Europe
What exposed the Filipinos to the western intellectual traditions, particularly those liberal and revolutionary ideas that has earlier changed the face of Europe
The transformation of the Philippine economy into a raw material market (supplier) for Europe
What broke down the walls of isolation among Filipinos and increased their contact with the outside world
Improved economic conditions
When did the several ports in the Philippines open?
Between 1834 and 1873
It stimulated the commercial cultivation of certain export crops to the world market
The opening of several ports in the Philippines (1834-1873)
It brought prosperity to the hitherto (until now) sequestered (isolated) colony
-Application of increased capital (inc. British and American) along with the improved agricultural techniques
Who benefitted in this economic prosperity as a result of of their participation in the economic activities of the colony either as as owners of lands ( which produced an export crops) or as import-export merchants and middlemen (compradores)
Some Filipinos, mostly Spanish and Chinese half breeds of mestizo
The increased wealth of land owners and import-export merchants and compradores led to the formation of ?
Filipino middle class
Traditional upper class
Principalia or social aristocracy constituting the upper class
Native social hierarchy
Principalia
Masses
Occupied the lowest rank of the social ladder
Masses
The new applied to the social hierarchy
Middle class
Differs in meaning and significance from that of Europe middle class and french bourgeoisie
Middle class in Filipino society
As the economy in the Philippines developed, the gap between the ____ and___ ___ would disappear almost completely
Principalia and middle class
What remained unchanged that kept the masses in a state of poverty despite the expansion of foreign commerce
Unsurious money-lending
Arbitrary land rental increase
What brought the Filipinos closer to one another and gave them opportunities to realize their universal plight
Improvement in transportation and communication facilities driven by foreign trade
The opening of ___ __ and the subsequent shortening of the route between the Philippines and Europe enabled many Filipino to come into contact with some Filipinos who had been educated in Europe
Suez Canal
Filipino who come into contact with some Filipinos who had been educated in Europe resulted in ??
-Progressive ideas, works of well-known liberal thinkers and philosophers reach the Philippines
What did the middle class or the Filipinos who participated in agricultural production and commerce following the opening of the Philippines to world commerce acquired
Wealth
prosperity
improved social status
Who resented the emergence of the middle class and became anxious of the possible threat they might lose in the future
Spaniards and the old aristocratic families (with highest level in society)
What did Spaniards and the old aristocratic families labelled the Filipinos with
“bestias cargadas de oro”
(Beast loaded with gold)
Aside from the economic stability, what did the opening of Philippine ports brought to the country
Intellectual developments
Product of intense intellectual development, humanitarianism, and cosmopolitanism in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries
New political ideas
What are (2) appeal (serious/urgent request) of the enlightened philosophers that proved particularly to the educated Filipinos
- Two Treatises of Government
- “Le Contrat Social” ( The social contract
Who is the author of Two Treatises of Government
John locke
Who is the author of “Le Contrat Social” ( The social contract
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
John locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau both argued that no government is ____ unless it represents and enforces the ___ and ___ (unable to taken away) __ of the people. It cannot continue when it has lost the consent of the governed.
Legitimate
absolute and inalienable will
Both the reformists and the theoreticians of the Revolution of ___ imbibed (influenced) by these enlightenment ideas
Revolution of 1896
Refers to free thinking, anti-clerical, and humanitarianism
Ideas of masonry
opposed to the power or influence of the clergy, especially in politics.
Anti-clergy
What influence members of middle class and enable them to meet on common grounds for propaganda purposes
Ideas of masonry
Provided one of intellectual bases of Filipino nationalism
French revolution
Closely parallel the conditions prevailing in the Philippines in 1896
Situation of France in 1789
- formed the vanguard of the propaganda movement
- exposed the great spiritual crisis that engulfed the Filipinos
- attempted to convince the Spanish authorities of the imperative need for far reaching reforms to avert the outbreak of revolution
Ilustrados
What did the ilustrados attempted to do to the Spanish authorities
convince the Spanish authorities of the imperative need for far reaching reforms to avert the outbreak of revolution
The Spaniards regarded the Filipinos as belonging to the “____ ____” and could not possibly expected to rise beyond the limited intelligence nature has endowed them
inferior races
A named that carried the most disparaging and unflattering connotations
Indios
What did the Spaniards waged (launched) in 19th century due to the increasing number of ilustrados growing restive (dissatisfied) under Spanish rule
A campaign of open vilification (discredit) against the Filipinos and journalists
Journalists affected by open vilification
Pablo Feced
Francisco Canamaque
W.E. Retana
Paid hacks of the friars took turns in debasing Filipino who was describe as?
“a machine that walks, eats, sleeps, and simply exists”
“An incomplete whole, a confusion of sentiments, instincts, desires, energies, passions, colors that crowd each other without forming a single particular one”
What is the prejudiced notion that justified the policy of depriving them of education and enlightenment
“Impossible to expose to curiosity and philosophical studies”
The constant insinuation at the racial and cultural inferiority of the Filipinos constrained Rizal to prepare a new edition of Antonio Morga’s ___ __ __ ___ _____
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas