Chapter 2: The Earths Surface

Question 1

The structure of the earth

Answer 1

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 2

A plate with land on top

Answer 2

Continental plates

Question 3

A place with oceans on top

Answer 3

Oceanic plate

Question 4

The line where two plates meet

Answer 4

Plate boundary

Question 5

Convection Currents

Answer 5

1. When mantle is heated in the mantle, it rises towards the crust
2. As it rises it cools and moves sideways. This causes friction between the magma and the crust and pulls the plate.
3. The magma cools and sinks back down into the mantle
4. This process is constantly repeated

Question 6

Who came up with plate tectonics

Answer 6

Alfred Wegener

Question 7

The huge land mass 225 million years ago

Answer 7

Pangaea

Question 8

Whats the terms for plates colliding

Answer 8

Convergent plates

Question 9

Whats the term for plates that seperate

Answer 9

Diverging plates

Question 10

Whats the term for sliding plates

Answer 10

Transform plates

Question 11

Mid ocean ridge

Answer 11

Causes by diverging plates in the ocean allowing magma to cool and harden forming a ridge of rock

Question 12

Volcanic islands

Answer 12

Causes by diverging plates allowing magma to pass through and harden forming an island.

Question 13

Volcanic mountains

Answer 13

Magma can rise up from a magma chamber in the Earths crust through a vent. Lava, hot ash and rocks are thrown into the air. As more eruptions occur layers of material build up and a cone-shaped mountain is formed

Question 14

An example of an active volcano

Answer 14

Mount St Helens in the USA

Question 15

Example of a dormant volcano

Answer 15

Misti in Peru

Question 16

Examples of an extinct volcano

Answer 16

Croghan hill in Co. Offaly

Question 17

Positive effcts of a volcano

Answer 17

1. Good for agriculture, fertile land
2. Tourist attraction
3. Geothermal energy

Question 18

Negative effects

Answer 18

1. Sulfur dioxide, poison people, and acid rain.
2. Loss of human life
3. When volcanic materials mix with water it forms a river of mud called a lahar. It destroys towns and villages

Question 19

Instrument for measuring earthquakes

Answer 19

The Richter Scale, it ranges from 1-10. Each unit is 10 times stronger than the one before.

Question 20

Damage caused by earthquakes

Answer 20

Loss of life
Buildings damaged
Electricty lines damaged may causes fires
Damage to sewers may causes disease
Bridges, roads and railways damaged, often making it difficult to get help.
Landslides and avalanches can be triggered
Earthquake in the sea creates a tsunami.

Question 21

How to reduce the damage causes by earthquakes

Answer 21

Build earthquake-resistent buildings
Conduct earthquake and tsunami drills
Put early-warning systems

Question 22

Fold mountain formation

Answer 22

When a heavier plate and a lighter plate are pushed against eachother and collide, the heavier plate sinks into the magma and the lighter plate then is forced upwards, causing a fold mountain to form.
The magma formed from the heavier plate melting into the mantle can move to the surface, forming volcanoes.