Chapter 12: Settlement And Urbanisation Flashcards
Settlement
Refers to where people live
Altitude in a settlement
Most settlements are on low-lying land under 200m
Aspect in a settlement
Aspect refers to the direction in which a place is facing.
Drainage
Settlements often occur near rivers
Slope
Low-lying flat land in river valleys usually has very fertile soil, which attracts settlement
Shelter
Many settlements on the coast are usually sheltered in areas such as harbours. Valleys often provide excellent shelter.
Site of settlement
Altitude Aspect Drainage Slope Shelter
Situation of settlement
Nodal Point Bridging point on a river Coastal Relief Defence
Nodal point
Where different routes meet. These routes can be road networks, rail lines, rivers or canals.
Bridging point on a river
Where is it easiest to cross a river
Coastal
Trade and fishing attract people to coastal locations
Relief
Relief describes the height, the aspect and the slope of an area.
Defence
Defence refers to ways in which people protect themselves from attacks.
People settled near castles long ago for protection
Types of settlement
Pre-Christian Celtic Early Christian Viking Norman Plantation
Pre-Christian
Megalithic Tombs
Portal Dolmens
Cairn
Midden
Celtic
Crannóg Forts-ring, hill and promontory Fulacht fia Standing stone Souterrain
Early Christian
Holy Well Monastery Round Tower High Cross Church
Vikings
Place names that include ‘ford’
Normans
Castle
Motte and Bailey
Moated Site
Town Walls
Plantation
Fortified House
Demesne
Bawns
Rural settlement: linear
This is when settlement is in a line along a road. It is also called ribbon settlement.
Rural settlement: Nucleated
This is when settlements are grouped together.
Rural settlement: Dispersed
This is when settlements are spread out and randomly scattered
Urban sprawl
Is the rapid spread pf housing from the cites into the countryside. Essientally meaning the city is absorbing the rural area.
Commuter towns, satellites or domitory towns
Towns around a major city, but the town is not apart of the city
Urban decay
Parts of a city that have been abandoned and have fallen into disrepair.
Solutions to traffic congestion
Buses and QBCs (Quality Bus Corridors) Light rail system Tram system Cycle lanes Road improvements
Solutions to urban sprawl
Develop new towns
Soultions to urban decay
Urban renewal
Urban redevelopment
Urban renewal
Is the improvement of old inner-city area.
Urban redevelopment
When unused buildings are knocked down. New buildings are replaced. The people who previously live there are relocated to the suberbs.
Functional zones in cities
- A Central Business District (CBD)
- Some smaller shopping areas
- A number of shopping centres
- Industrial areas
- Open space for recreation and leisure
The central business district
This is where big banks and departments stores are located. Multi-storey buildings
Shopping areas
Around the outskirts of a city is usually small village centres where people can do their day-to-day shopping.
Shopping centres
These are large shopping centres in the suburbs of Irish cities.
Industrial areas
Usually situated on the outskirts of a city.
Since the Industrial Revolution, cities have been at the centre of industry.
Space for recreation and leisure
Cities need space for children to play and for people to relax and enjoy the outdoors. Such as parks.
Terraced housing
The houses usually have no front garden and the front door opens on to the street. Close to the city centre
Semi-detached houses
They are built as pairs of houses with a shared wall. They typically have gardens or a driveway, around them
Detached houses
They are free-standing buildings on their own site. Because pf low-density housing.
Primate city
The city that is at least twice as big as the second biggest city in the same country.
