Chapter 12: Settlement And Urbanisation

Question 1

Settlement

Answer 1

Refers to where people live

Question 2

Altitude in a settlement

Answer 2

Most settlements are on low-lying land under 200m

Question 3

Aspect in a settlement

Answer 3

Aspect refers to the direction in which a place is facing.

Question 4

Drainage

Answer 4

Settlements often occur near rivers

Question 5

Slope

Answer 5

Low-lying flat land in river valleys usually has very fertile soil, which attracts settlement

Question 6

Shelter

Answer 6

Many settlements on the coast are usually sheltered in areas such as harbours. Valleys often provide excellent shelter.

Question 7

Site of settlement

Answer 7

Altitude
Aspect
Drainage
Slope
Shelter

Question 8

Situation of settlement

Answer 8

Nodal Point
Bridging point on a river
Coastal
Relief
Defence

Question 9

Nodal point

Answer 9

Where different routes meet. These routes can be road networks, rail lines, rivers or canals.

Question 10

Bridging point on a river

Answer 10

Where is it easiest to cross a river

Question 11

Coastal

Answer 11

Trade and fishing attract people to coastal locations

Question 12

Relief

Answer 12

Relief describes the height, the aspect and the slope of an area.

Question 13

Defence

Answer 13

Defence refers to ways in which people protect themselves from attacks.
People settled near castles long ago for protection

Question 14

Types of settlement

Answer 14

Pre-Christian
Celtic
Early Christian
Viking
Norman
Plantation

Question 15

Pre-Christian

Answer 15

Megalithic Tombs
Portal Dolmens
Cairn
Midden

Question 16

Celtic

Answer 16

Crannóg
Forts-ring, hill and promontory
Fulacht fia
Standing stone
Souterrain

Question 17

Early Christian

Answer 17

Holy Well
Monastery
Round Tower
High Cross
Church

Question 18

Vikings

Answer 18

Place names that include ‘ford’

Question 19

Normans

Answer 19

Castle
Motte and Bailey
Moated Site
Town Walls

Question 20

Plantation

Answer 20

Fortified House
Demesne
Bawns

Question 21

Rural settlement: linear

Answer 21

This is when settlement is in a line along a road. It is also called ribbon settlement.

Question 22

Rural settlement: Nucleated

Answer 22

This is when settlements are grouped together.

Question 23

Rural settlement: Dispersed

Answer 23

This is when settlements are spread out and randomly scattered

Question 24

Urban sprawl

Answer 24

Is the rapid spread pf housing from the cites into the countryside. Essientally meaning the city is absorbing the rural area.

Question 25

Commuter towns, satellites or domitory towns

Answer 25

Towns around a major city, but the town is not apart of the city

Question 26

Urban decay

Answer 26

Parts of a city that have been abandoned and have fallen into disrepair.

Question 27

Solutions to traffic congestion

Answer 27

``` Buses and QBCs (Quality Bus Corridors) Light rail system Tram system Cycle lanes Road improvements ```

Question 28

Solutions to urban sprawl

Answer 28

Develop new towns

Question 29

Soultions to urban decay

Answer 29

Urban renewal | Urban redevelopment

Question 30

Urban renewal

Answer 30

Is the improvement of old inner-city area.

Question 31

Urban redevelopment

Answer 31

When unused buildings are knocked down. New buildings are replaced. The people who previously live there are relocated to the suberbs.

Question 32

Functional zones in cities

Answer 32

1. A Central Business District (CBD) 2. Some smaller shopping areas 3. A number of shopping centres 4. Industrial areas 5. Open space for recreation and leisure

Question 33

The central business district

Answer 33

This is where big banks and departments stores are located. Multi-storey buildings

Question 34

Shopping areas

Answer 34

Around the outskirts of a city is usually small village centres where people can do their day-to-day shopping.

Question 35

Shopping centres

Answer 35

These are large shopping centres in the suburbs of Irish cities.

Question 36

Industrial areas

Answer 36

Usually situated on the outskirts of a city. | Since the Industrial Revolution, cities have been at the centre of industry.

Question 37

Space for recreation and leisure

Answer 37

Cities need space for children to play and for people to relax and enjoy the outdoors. Such as parks.

Question 38

Terraced housing

Answer 38

The houses usually have no front garden and the front door opens on to the street. Close to the city centre

Question 39

Semi-detached houses

Answer 39

They are built as pairs of houses with a shared wall. They typically have gardens or a driveway, around them

Question 40

Detached houses

Answer 40

They are free-standing buildings on their own site. Because pf low-density housing.

Question 41

Primate city

Answer 41

The city that is at least twice as big as the second biggest city in the same country.