Chapter 19: Migration Flashcards
Internal migration
Internal migration is when people migrate within the same country or region.
International migration
When people migrate from one country to another.
Emigrant
A person who leaves a country to live in another
Immigrant
A person who comes to live in one country from another.
Causes of migration
Economic
Social
Political
Environmental
Economic causes of migratiom
Moving to find work or follow a particular career path
Social causes of migration
Moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends.
Political cuases of migration
Moving to escape political persecution or war
Environmental causes of migration
Causes include natural disasters such as flooding or famine.
Refugee
A person who cant be forced to return to their country under the United Nations convention, also called seeking asylum.
Push factors of migration
Lack of job opportunities Lack of services Lack of safety High crime Crop failure Drought Flooding Poverty War
Pull factors of emigration
Higher employment More wealth Better services Good climate Safer/less crime Political stability More fertile land Lower risk from natural hazards
Voluntary migration
Is when people choose to migrate
Forced migration
Is when people do not have a choice and have to emigrate
Individual migration
When someone chooses to move from one place to another. This is so they can feel a better quality of life.
Barriers to migration
Poverty
Personal reasons
Visas
Poverty barrier to migration
There may not be enough money available to migrate
Personal reasons barrier to migration
People may have ties to their families that prevent them from moving. Perhaps there will be no one to look after their parents if they choose to leave
Visas barrier to migration
Some countries require foreigners to get a visa before they can enter the country. People may not be able to get a visa for the country they wish to migrate to.
Consequences of migration
The impact of migration on the place left behind
The impact of migration on the place people more to
The impact of migration on the place left behind
Marriage rates go into decline and birth rates drop
Other facilities may also close and sports clubs may find it difficult to keep their teams going.
It become more difficult to attract industry because there is a ‘brain drain’ of young people.
Farms become less productive without young people to develop them.
Brain drain
When educated people leave an area, causing a lack of educated workforce.
The impact of migration on the place people move to
They bring a wide range of skills, and add to the workforce
Because they pay taxes, they increase government revenue
They bring new cultural elements to a country, including food, customs and languages.
Disadvantages:
Services: the demand for healthcare services and places in school increases
Housing: an increase in population means that there is a growing demand for housing. House prices rise as demand grows.
Facilities: Transport links and infrastructure may need to be developed to cope with the growing demand.
