Chapter 2. Terms Relating to the Body as a Whole Flashcards
catabolism
cata- down bol to cast -ism process
Complex nutrients broke down into simpler substance. Energy is released.
anabolism
ana- up bol to cast -ism process.
Building up large proteins from small protein call amino acids.
cell membrane
structure surrounding cell
chromosomes
rod shaped structures containing DNA called genes. There are 23 pairs(46) chromosomes in every cell except egg and sperm.
cytoplasm
Material that is outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane.
DNA
Chemical found within each chromosome.
endoplasmic reticulum
Network of canals within cytoplasm of the cell. Anabolism occurs here.
genes
regions of DNA
metabolism
meta- change bol to cast -ism process.
Total chemical process in a cell.
mitochondria
Structures in cytoplasm that provide principle source of energy. Catabolism occurs here.
nucleus
Control center of the cell.
Name the organs of the digestive system.
Mouth, pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
Give another name and list the organs of the urinary system.
Excretory System
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra.
Name the organs of the respiratory system.
Nose, pharynx, larynx(voicebox), trachea, bronchial tubes, and the lungs.
Name the organs of the female reproductive system.
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands( breasts)
Name the organs of the male reproductive system.
Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, and prostate gland.
Name the organs of the endocrine system.
Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, pancreas, and parathyroid glands.
Name the organs of the nervous system.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.
Name the organs of the circulatory system.
Heart, blood vessels(arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.
Name the organs of the musculoskeletal system.
Muscles, bones, and joints.
What are the skin and sense organs?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous(oil) glands, eye, ear, nose and tongue.
What are the 5 cavities of the body?
Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and spinal.
Dorsal: cranial and spinal
What are the two smaller cavities of the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavity and mediastinum.
Pleural- space between the membrane folds(pleura) surrounding the lungs.
Mediastinum- outside of and between the lungs. remaining organs are here.
Where is the cranial cavity?
In thehead. Contains brain and the pituitary gland.
Where is the thoracic cavity?
Chest. Contains: lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, and aorta.
Where is the abdominal cavity?
Below the chest. Stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver and gall bladder.
What is the diaphragm?
Divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
What is in the pelvic cavity?
Portions of the large and small intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in female.
What makes up the spinal cavity?
Nerves of the spinal cord.
dorsal or posterior
pertaining to the back
ventral or anterior
pertaining to the front
Name the four quadrants.
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
hypochondriac region
right and left upper regions beneath ribs
epigastric
middle upper region above stomach
lumbar
right and left middle regions near the waist.
umbilical
Central region near the naval.
inguinal
right and left lower regions bear groin.
iliac region
hypogastric
middle lower region below umbilical region.
