Chapter 2. Terms Relating to the Body as a Whole Flashcards
catabolism
cata- down bol to cast -ism process
Complex nutrients broke down into simpler substance. Energy is released.
anabolism
ana- up bol to cast -ism process.
Building up large proteins from small protein call amino acids.
cell membrane
structure surrounding cell
chromosomes
rod shaped structures containing DNA called genes. There are 23 pairs(46) chromosomes in every cell except egg and sperm.
cytoplasm
Material that is outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane.
DNA
Chemical found within each chromosome.
endoplasmic reticulum
Network of canals within cytoplasm of the cell. Anabolism occurs here.
genes
regions of DNA
metabolism
meta- change bol to cast -ism process.
Total chemical process in a cell.
mitochondria
Structures in cytoplasm that provide principle source of energy. Catabolism occurs here.
nucleus
Control center of the cell.
Name the organs of the digestive system.
Mouth, pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
Give another name and list the organs of the urinary system.
Excretory System
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra.
Name the organs of the respiratory system.
Nose, pharynx, larynx(voicebox), trachea, bronchial tubes, and the lungs.
Name the organs of the female reproductive system.
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands( breasts)
Name the organs of the male reproductive system.
Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, and prostate gland.
Name the organs of the endocrine system.
Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, pancreas, and parathyroid glands.
Name the organs of the nervous system.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.
Name the organs of the circulatory system.
Heart, blood vessels(arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.
Name the organs of the musculoskeletal system.
Muscles, bones, and joints.
What are the skin and sense organs?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous(oil) glands, eye, ear, nose and tongue.
What are the 5 cavities of the body?
Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and spinal.
Dorsal: cranial and spinal
What are the two smaller cavities of the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavity and mediastinum.
Pleural- space between the membrane folds(pleura) surrounding the lungs.
Mediastinum- outside of and between the lungs. remaining organs are here.
Where is the cranial cavity?
In thehead. Contains brain and the pituitary gland.
Where is the thoracic cavity?
Chest. Contains: lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, and aorta.
Where is the abdominal cavity?
Below the chest. Stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver and gall bladder.
What is the diaphragm?
Divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
What is in the pelvic cavity?
Portions of the large and small intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in female.
What makes up the spinal cavity?
Nerves of the spinal cord.
dorsal or posterior
pertaining to the back
ventral or anterior
pertaining to the front
Name the four quadrants.
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
hypochondriac region
right and left upper regions beneath ribs
epigastric
middle upper region above stomach
lumbar
right and left middle regions near the waist.
umbilical
Central region near the naval.
inguinal
right and left lower regions bear groin.
iliac region
hypogastric
middle lower region below umbilical region.
deep
Away from the surface.
distal
far from the point of attachment.
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior. (front and back)
inferior
below another structure, pertaining to tail or lower portion of body.
lateral
pertaining to the side
medial
pertaining to the middle.
prone
laying on the belly. face down, palms down.
proximal
near the point of attachment.
sagittal plane
vertical line dividing body into right and left sides.
superficial
on the surface
superior
above another structure, pertaining to the head.
supine
laying in the back, face up, palms up
transverse plane
horizontal plane dividing body into lower and upper portion.
abdomin/o
abdomen
abdominal
adip/o
fat
adipose
anter/o
front
anterior
bol/o
to cast (throw)
anabolism
cervic/o
neck( of the body or of the uterus)
cervical
chondr/o
cartilage (connective tissue)
chondroma
chrom/o
color
chromosomes
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
coccygeal
crani/o
skull
craniotomy
cyt/o
cell
cytoplasm
dist/o
far, distant
distal
dorso/o
back portion of body
dorsal
hist/o
tissue
histology
ili/o
ilium (part of pelvic bone)
iliac
inguin/o
groin
inguinal
kary/o
nucleus
karyotype
later/o
side
lateral
lumb/o
lower back
lumbosacral
medi/o
middle
medial
nucle/o
nucleus
nucleic
pelv/i
pelvis, hip region
pelvic
poster/o
back, behind
posterior
proxim/o
nearest
proximal
sacr/o
sacrum
sacral
sarc/o
flesh
sarcoma
spin/o
spine, backbone
spinal
thel/o theli/o
nipple
epithelial cell
thorac/o
chest
thoracic
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
tracheal
umbilic/o
naval, umbilicus
umbilical
ventr/o
belly side of the body
ventral
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
vertebral
viscer/o
internal organs
visceral
ana-
up
anabolic
cata-
down
catabolism
epi-
above
epigastric
hypo-
below
hypochondriac region
inter-
between
intervertebral
meta-
change
metabolism
-eal -iac -ior
pertaining to
-ism
process, conditon
catabolism
-ose
pertaining to, full of
adiose
-plasm
formation
cytoplasm
-somes
bodies
chromosomes
-type
picture, classification
karyotype
