Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards
What is a cell?
functional unit of all living things
What is a cell membrane?
surrounds, protects, and regulates what’s coming in and out of the cell
What is the nucleus?
controls operations of the cell and has chromosomes
What are chromosomes and how many are in each cell?
rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain DNA regions
46 single chromosomes or 23 pairs in every cell (except for egg and sperm that only have 23 each)
What do genes contain?
DNA from chromosomes
What is a karyotype?
photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number
What is the cytoplasm?
includes all of the material inside the cell and outside the nucleus
What does catabolism provide?
energy by breaking down sugar and fat that happens in the mitochondria
What is anabolism?
process of building large proteins from amino acids
What two process make up metabolism?
catabolism and anabolism
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it do?
canals in the cytoplasm where large proteins are made from small proteins
What is the mitochondria and what does it do?
structure in the cytoplasm that provide energy for the cell
What is DNA and what does it do?
chemical found in the chromosomes that is arranged in a certain way to direct activities of the cell
What is a tissue?
group of similar cells working together to do a specific jobb
What does a Histologist do?
scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
What are the 4 types of cell tissue?
fat, muscle, nerve, and epithelial
What is epithelial tissue?
tissue that forms linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body
also lines exocrine and endocrine glands
What is muscle tissue?
made up of voluntary (conscious movement) and involuntary (unconscious movement)
What are the four types of connective tissue?
adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood
What forms an organ?
different types of tissues
What forms an organ system?
different organs that come together to perform a specific function
What is cartilage?
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
ex. ear and nose
What are epithelial cells?
skins cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
What is the larynx?
voice box located at the upper part of the trachea
What is the pharynx?
throat that serves as the common passageway for food and air
What is the pituitary gland?
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
What is the thyroid gland?
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
What is the trachea?
windpipe that leads from the throat to bronchial tubes
What is the ureter?
one of two tubes that lead from the kidney to the bladdar
What is the urethra?
tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body
What is the uterus?
womb that holds the fetus as it develops
What is the viscera?
internal organs
What are the organs of the cranial cavity?
brain and pituitary gland
What are the organs of the thoracic cavity?
space located outside of and in-between lungs that includes the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, and aorta
1.)
cranial cavity
2.)
thoracic cavity
3.)
abdominal cavity
4.)
pelvic cavity
5.)
spinal cavity
1.)
right hypochondriac region
2.)
left hypochondriac region
3.)
epigatric region
4.)
right lumbar region
5.)
left lumbar region
6.)
umbillical region
7.)
right inguinal/iliac region
8.)
left inguinal/iliac region
9.)
hypogastric
