Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

functional unit of all living things

Question 2

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 2

surrounds, protects, and regulates what’s coming in and out of the cell

Question 3

What is the nucleus?

Answer 3

controls operations of the cell and has chromosomes

Question 4

What are chromosomes and how many are in each cell?

Answer 4

rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain DNA regions
46 single chromosomes or 23 pairs in every cell (except for egg and sperm that only have 23 each)

Question 5

What do genes contain?

Answer 5

DNA from chromosomes

Question 6

What is a karyotype?

Answer 6

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number

Question 7

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

includes all of the material inside the cell and outside the nucleus

Question 8

What does catabolism provide?

Answer 8

energy by breaking down sugar and fat that happens in the mitochondria

Question 9

What is anabolism?

Answer 9

process of building large proteins from amino acids

Question 10

What two process make up metabolism?

Answer 10

catabolism and anabolism

Question 11

What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it do?

Answer 11

canals in the cytoplasm where large proteins are made from small proteins

Question 12

What is the mitochondria and what does it do?

Answer 12

structure in the cytoplasm that provide energy for the cell

Question 13

What is DNA and what does it do?

Answer 13

chemical found in the chromosomes that is arranged in a certain way to direct activities of the cell

Question 14

What is a tissue?

Answer 14

group of similar cells working together to do a specific jobb

Question 15

What does a Histologist do?

Answer 15

scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

Question 16

What are the 4 types of cell tissue?

Answer 16

fat, muscle, nerve, and epithelial

Question 17

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 17

tissue that forms linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body
also lines exocrine and endocrine glands

Question 18

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 18

made up of voluntary (conscious movement) and involuntary (unconscious movement)

Question 19

What are the four types of connective tissue?

Answer 19

adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood

Question 20

What forms an organ?

Answer 20

different types of tissues

Question 21

What forms an organ system?

Answer 21

different organs that come together to perform a specific function

Question 22

What is cartilage?

Answer 22

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
ex. ear and nose

Question 23

What are epithelial cells?

Answer 23

skins cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Question 24

What is the larynx?

Answer 24

voice box located at the upper part of the trachea

Question 25

What is the pharynx?

Answer 25

throat that serves as the common passageway for food and air

Question 26

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 26

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 27

What is the thyroid gland?

Answer 27

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 28

What is the trachea?

Answer 28

windpipe that leads from the throat to bronchial tubes

Question 29

What is the ureter?

Answer 29

one of two tubes that lead from the kidney to the bladdar

Question 30

What is the urethra?

Answer 30

tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 31

What is the uterus?

Answer 31

womb that holds the fetus as it develops

Question 32

What is the viscera?

Answer 32

internal organs

Question 33

What are the organs of the cranial cavity?

Answer 33

brain and pituitary gland

Question 34

What are the organs of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 34

space located outside of and in-between lungs that includes the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, and aorta

Question 35

What is the thoracic cavity divided into?

Answer 35

pleural cavity and mediastinum

Question 36

What is the mediastinum and what organs does is include?

Answer 36

heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and lymph nodes

Question 37

What are the organs of the pleural cavity?

Answer 37

lungs and their coverings

Question 38

What are the organs of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 38

kidneys, stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder all surrounded by the peritoneum

Question 39

What divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

Answer 39

diaphragm

Question 40

What are the organs of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 40

portions of small and large intestines, rectum, bladder, urethra, ureters, uterus and vagina

Question 41

1.)

Answer 41

cranial cavity

Question 42

2.)

Answer 42

thoracic cavity

Question 43

3.)

Answer 43

abdominal cavity

Question 44

4.)

Answer 44

pelvic cavity

Question 45

5.)

Answer 45

spinal cavity

Question 46

What does dorsal (posterior) mean?

Answer 46

pertaining to the back

Question 47

What is the peritoneum and what does it do?

Answer 47

double folded membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and attaches abdominal organs to muscles and protects them

Question 48

What does ventral (anterior mean)?

Answer 48

pertaining to the front

Question 49

1.)

Answer 49

right hypochondriac region

Question 50

2.)

Answer 50

left hypochondriac region

Question 51

3.)

Answer 51

epigatric region

Question 52

4.)

Answer 52

right lumbar region

Question 53

5.)

Answer 53

left lumbar region

Question 54

6.)

Answer 54

umbillical region

Question 55

7.)

Answer 55

right inguinal/iliac region

Question 56

8.)

Answer 56

left inguinal/iliac region

Question 57

9.)

Answer 57

hypogastric

Question 58

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 58

C1-C7

Question 59

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 59

T1-T12

Question 60

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 60

L1-L5

Question 61

Define supine

Answer 61

lying on the back

Question 62

Define prone

Answer 62

lying on the front

Question 63

Define caudal

Answer 63

inferior, beneath something else

Question 64

Define cephalic

Answer 64

superior, above another structure

Question 65

chondr/o

Answer 65

cartilage

Question 66

chrom/o

Answer 66

color

Question 67

hist/o

Answer 67

tissue

Question 68

inguin/o

Answer 68

groin

Question 69

kary/o

Answer 69

nucleus

Question 70

thel/o, theli/o

Answer 70

nipple

Question 71

ventr/o

Answer 71

belly side of the body

Question 72

ana

Answer 72

up

Question 73

cata

Answer 73

down

Question 74

inter

Answer 74

between

Question 75

intra

Answer 75

within

Question 76

meta

Answer 76

change

Question 77

eal, iac, ior

Answer 77

pertaining to

Question 78

ism

Answer 78

process, condition

Question 79

ose

Answer 79

pertaining to, full of

Question 80

plasm

Answer 80

formation

Question 81

somes

Answer 81

bodies

Question 82

type

Answer 82

picture, classification

Question 83

What is a trachea?

Answer 83

windpipe; goes down into your lungs

Question 84

What is your larynx?

Answer 84

voice box

Question 85

What is your esophagus?

Answer 85

brings food to stomach

Question 86

What is your pharynx?

Answer 86

upper area of throat (windpipe); joins with trachea to bring air to lungs