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Medical Terminology Advanced > Chapter 10: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neuron and what does it do?

A

microscopic nerve cells that collect into macroscopic nerves
carry electrical messages all over the body

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2
Q

What are the two classifications of the nervous system?

A

central and peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves, plexuses, and peripheral nerves

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5
Q

What do cranial nerves do?

A

carry impulses between the brain and the head and neck

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6
Q

What do spinal nerves do?

A

carry messages between the spinal cord and chest, abdomen, and extremities

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7
Q

What is a plexus?

A

large network of nerves in the PNS

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8
Q

What do afferent nerves do?

A

these are sensory nerves that carry messages related to changes in the environment toward the spinal word and brain

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9
Q

What do efferent nerves do?

A

these are motor nerves that travel from the spinal cord and brain to muscles of the body, telling them how to respond

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10
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

carries impulses from the CNS to the organs

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11
Q

What are the two types of nerves in the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

What do sympathetic nerves do?

A

stimulate the body in times of stress and crisis
ex. increase heart rate

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13
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves do?

A

“rest and digest” body mode
ex. slow heart rate

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14
Q

Explain the devisions of the CNS and PNS

A
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15
Q

What is a neuron?

A

individul nerve cell

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16
Q

1.)

A

dendrites

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17
Q

2.)

A

cell body

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18
Q

4.)

A

axon

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19
Q

5.)

A

meylin sheath

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20
Q

6.)

A

terminal end fibers

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21
Q

7.)

A

synapse

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22
Q

Where does an impulse start?

A

branching fibers (dendrites) of a neuron

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23
Q

What are ganglia?

A

small clusters of nerve cell bodies

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24
Q

What is a synapse?

A

space where nerve impulse jumps from one neuron to another

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25
What are glial cells and what do they do?
cells making up the stromal tissue of the CNS create supportive framework and help ward off infections do not transmit impulses
26
What are the 4 types of glial cells?
astrocytes, microglial, oligodendroglial, and ependymal cells
27
1.)
parietal lobe
28
2.)
temporal lobe
29
3.)
Wernicke area
30
4.)
Broca area
31
5.)
sulci
32
6.)
gyri
33
What is the cerebrum's purpose?
thinking, personality, sensations, movements and memory have surface nerve cells that lie in sheets to make sulci and gyri
34
What is the purpose of the cerebellum?
coordinates voluntary movements to maintain balance and posture
35
What does the thalamus do?
acts like triage center to determine what is important and what's not to relay to the cerebral cortex controls awareness and consciousness
36
What does the hypothalamus do?
has neurons that control body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions controls pituitary gland and the hormones it releases integrates activites of the CNS and PNS
37
What does the pons of the brainstem do?
has nerve fibers that connect the cerebellum and cerebrum to rest of brain houses nerves for face and eye movement
38
What does the medulla oblongata do?
connects spinal cord to rest of brain regulate things like breathing, heart rate, and respiratory rate
39
What does the midbrain do?
has pathways to connect cerebrum with lower portions of the brain
40
1.)
dura mater
41
2.)
subdural space
42
3.)
arachnoid space
43
4.)
subarachnoid space
44
5.)
pia mater
45
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter chemical released at the end of nerve cells
46
arachnoid membrane
middle layer of membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
47
astrocyte
glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
48
axon
microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
49
blood-brain barrier
protective separation between the blood and brain cells stops things like drugs from penetrating capillary walls to enter the brain
50
cerebral cortex
outer region of cerebrum that makes up the grey matter
51
cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck
52
dura mater
thick, outermost layer of meninges
53
ependymal cell
glial cells that line membranes in the brain and spinal cord and helps to form CSF
54
meninges
three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
55
microglial cell
phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the CNS
56
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released at the end of nerve cell stimulates or inhibits other cells
57
oligodendroglial cell
glial cell that forms myelin sheath coverings on axons
58
pia mater
thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
59
stroma
connective and supporting tissue of an organ
60
vagus nerve
tenth cranial nerve that branches to reach upper structures like stomach and aorta
61
ventricles of the brain
canals that have CSF
62
cerebr/o
cerebrum
63
dur/o
dura mater
64
gli/o
glial cells
65
lept/o
thin, slender
66
myel/o
spinal cord
67
pont/o
pons
68
radicul/o
nerve root
69
thec/o
sheath
70
vag/o
vagus nerve
71
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
72
caus/o
burning
73
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
74
esthesi/o
feeling, nervous sensation
75
kines/o
movement
76
lepsy
seizure
77
lex/o
word, phrase
78
paresis
weakness
79
phasia
speech
80
plegia
paralysis
81
praxia
action
82
sthenia
strength
83
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
84
tax/o
order, coordination
85
hydrocephalus and type
abnormal CSF accumulation in brain congenital
86
spina bifida and type
imperfect union of vertebral parts congenital
87
Alzheimer disease and type
mental deterioration with personality changes and impairment of daily functioning degenerative, movement, and seizure
88
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and type
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord degenerative, movement, and seizure
89
epilepsy and type
brain disorder with sudden charges of electrical activity within the brain degenerative, movement, and seizure
90
huntington disease and type
degenerative changes in cerebrum which causes abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration degenerative, movement, and seizure
91
multiple sclerosis and type
destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS and replacement with plaques degenerative, movement, and seizure
92
myasthenia graves (MG) and type
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterizes by weakness of voluntary muscles degenerative, movement, and seizure
93
palsy and type
paralysis or complete loss of motor function degenerative, movement, and seizure
94
parkinson disease and type
degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia degenerative, movement, and seizure
95
Tourette syndrome and type
involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements with uncontrollable vocal and sounds and inappropriate words degenerative, movement, and seizure
96
herpes zoster and type
shingles viral infection affecting peripheral nerves infectious disorders
97
meningitis and type
inflammation of the meninges infectious disorders
98
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy and type
brain disease with dementia occurring with AIDS infectious disorder
99
brain tumor and type
abnormal growth of the brain tissues and meninges neoplastic disorder
100
cerebral concussion and type
traumatic brain injury caused by blow to head traumatic disorder
101
cerebral contusion and type
bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head traumatic disorder
102
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and type
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; a stroke vascular disorders
103
EEG
electroencephalogram
104
GABA
gamma-aminobutyric acid
105
ICP
intracranial pressure
106
LP
lumbar puncture
107
MAC
monitored anesthetic care
108
MG
myasthenia gravis
109
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
110
1/2 P
hemiparesis
111
PCA
patient-controlled anesthesia
112
PET
positron emission tomography
113
TBI
traumatic brain injury
114
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
115
TIA
transient ischemic attack
116
TLE
temporal lobe epilepsy
117
stereostatic radiosurgery
use of specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain
118
positron emission tomography (PET scan)
radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

Medical Terminology Advanced (13 decks)

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