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Medical Terminology Advanced > Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

A

uses the heart and blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue

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2
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels in the body?

A

arteries, veins, and capillaries

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3
Q

What are arteries?

A

vessels that lead away from the heart

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4
Q

What are veins?

A

vessels that lead towards the heart
thinner walled than arteries

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5
Q

What are capillaries?

A

form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste product coming from body cells
smallest of the three vessel types in the body

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6
Q

7.)

A

pulmonary artery

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7
Q

10.)

A

mitral valve

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8
Q

12.)

A

aortic valve

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9
Q

4.)

A

tricuspid valve

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10
Q

6.)

A

pulmonary valve

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11
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A

valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

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12
Q

What is the pulmonary valve?

A

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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13
Q

What is the mitral valve?

A

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

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14
Q

What is the aortic valve?

A

valve between the left atrium and aorta

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15
Q

Explain the pathway of blood through the heart

A
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16
Q

What are the two phases of the heartbeat sound?

A

diastole and systole

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17
Q

What is diastole?

A

relaxation; ventricles are filling, pulmonary and aortic valves are closed to build pressure

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18
Q

What is systole?

A

contraction; tricuspid and mitral valves close, pulmonary and aortic valves open, ventricles contract to push blood out

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19
Q

How often does the diastole-systole cardiac cycle occur per minute and how much blood pumps with each contraction?

A

70-80 x/minute
3 ounces of blood/contraction

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20
Q

What is the lubb sound of the heart?

A

closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole

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21
Q

What is the dubb sound of the heart?

A

closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole

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22
Q

What is a heart murmur?

A

abnormal heart sound cause by improper valve closure

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23
Q

What is the sinoatrial node (SA node)?

A

pacemaker of the heart; responsible for initiating the heartbeat because it’s where an electrical impulse originates; causes contraction of atria to force blood into the ventricles

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24
Q

What is the atrioventricular node (AV node)?

A

sends excitation wave to the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of his

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25
What does the bundle of his do?
connects atria with the ventricles and transmits electrical impulses between them
26
1.)
sinoatrial node
27
2.)
atrioventricular node
28
3.)
atrioventricular bundle
29
4.)
left bundle branch
30
5.)
right bundle branch
31
What is the P wave?
spread of excitation wave over atria just before contraction
32
What is the QRS wave?
spread of excitation wave over the ventricles as they contract
33
What is the T wave?
electrical recovery and relaxation of ventricles
34
What is blood pressure?
the force that blood exerts on arterial walls
35
sphygmomanometer
cuff to measure blood pressure
36
What is blood pressure expressed as in words?
systolic/diastolic
37
hypertension
high blood pressure
38
apex of heart
lower tip of heart
39
coronary arteries
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry blood to the heart muscle (found on surface of heart)
40
endothelium
innermost living of blood vessels
41
myocardium
muscular, middle layer of the heart
42
normal sinus rhythm
a normal heart rate
43
pericardium
double layered membrane surrounding the heart
44
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart
45
pulse
beat of heart as felt through the walls of arteries
46
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to the tissues
47
venule
small vein
48
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
49
brachi/o
arm
50
coron/o
heart
51
myx/o
mucus
52
ox/o
oxygen
53
phleb/o
vein
54
sphygm/o
pulse
55
steth/o
chest
56
vas/o
vessel
57
vascul/o
vessel
58
What is an arrhythmia?
improper conduction of impulses from SA to AV node to bundle of His presents as a heart block, flutter, or fibrillation
59
What is congenital heart disease?
disease of heart caused by narrowing of aorta, open ductus arteriosus after birth, holes in the wall of septum, or congenital malformation
60
What is congestive heart disease?
heart can't pump enough blood; usually caused by high blood pressure
61
What is coronary artery disease?
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart includes atherosclerosis (fat deposits) and acute coronary syndromes (diseases where blood flow to the heart is decreased)
62
What are some treatments for coronary artery disease?
drugs: nitrates, aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and statins surgery: coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention
63
What is deep vein thrombosis?
blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb
64
What is Raynaud's disease?
recurrent episodes of pallor (pale) and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
65
What is a BNP test?
measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in the blood elevated could mean heart failure
66
What are cardiac biomarkers?
chemicals that are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
67
What is a lipid test profile?
measurement of cholesterol and fats in a blood sample
68
What is lipoprotein electrophoresis?
when lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
69
angiography
x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
70
computerized tomography angiography
3D x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using CT
71
digital subtraction angiography
video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels
72
electron beam computer tomography
electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD
73
doppler ultrasound
sound waves measure blood blow within blood vessels
74
echocardiography
echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
75
position emission tomography
images show blood flow and myocardial functions following uptake of radioactive glucose
76
technetium TC 99m scan
technetium TC 99m sesta-mibi is injected IV and taken up by cardiac tissue
77
thallium 201 scan
concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle
78
endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from inner layer of artery
79
thrombolytic therapy
drugs to dissolve clots that are injected into the bloodstream
80
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
81
ACE inhibitor
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
82
ACLS
advanced cardiac life support
83
ACS
acute coronary syndrome
84
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
85
AED
automatic external defibrillator
86
AF, a-fib
atrial fibrillation
87
AICD
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
88
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
89
ARVD
arrhythmogenic right ventricular displasia
90
ARB
angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
91
AS
aortic stenosis
92
ASD
atrial septal defect
93
AV
atrioventricular
94
AVR
aortic valve replacement
95
BBB
bundle branch block
96
BNP
brain natriuretic peptide
97
CABG
coronary artery bypass grafting
98
CAD
coronary artery disease
99
CCU
coronary care unit
100
CHF
congestive heart failure
101
CK
creatine kinase
102
CoA
coarctation of aorta
103
CRT
cardiac resynchronization theraphy
104
CTNI
cardiac troponin-1
105
DES
drug-eluting stent
106
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
107
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
108
ECMO
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
109
EF
ejection fraction
110
EPS
electrophysiology study
111
ETT
exercise tolerance test
112
EVAR
end-vascular aneurysm repair
113
FFR
fractional flow reserve
114
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
115
hsCRP
high sensitivity C-reactive protein
116
HTN
hypertension
117
IABP
intra-aortic balloon pump
118
ICD
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
119
IVUS
intravascular ultrasound
120
LAD
left anterior descending
121
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
122
LMWH
low-molecular-weight heparin
123
LV
left ventricle
124
LVAD
left ventricular assist device
125
LVH
left ventricular hypertrophy
126
MI
myocardial infarction
127
MUGA
multiple-gated acquisition scan
128
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
129
NOAC
novel oral anticoagulant drug
130
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
131
NSTEMI
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
132
NT-proBNP
N-terminal pro-peptide of BNP
133
PAC
premature atrial contraction
134
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
135
PDA
posterior descending artery
136
PE
pulmonary embolus
137
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
138
SCD
sudden cardiac death
139
SOB
shortness of breath
140
SPECT
single photo emission computed tomography
141
STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction
142
SVT
supra ventricular tachyardia
143
TAVR
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
144
TEE
transesophageal echocardiography
145
TEVAR
thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair
146
TGA
transposition of the great arteries
147
tPA
tissue-type plasminogen activator
148
UA
unstable angina
149
VF
ventricular fibrillation
150
VSD
ventricular septal defect
151
VT
ventricular tachycardia
152
WPW
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Medical Terminology Advanced (13 decks)

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