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Medical Terminology Advanced > Chapter 13: Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is blood made of?

A

blood cells, plasma, water, and proteins

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2
Q

basophils

A

contain heparin and histamine; stain blue

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3
Q

eosinophils

A

phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections; stain red

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4
Q

neutrophils

A

phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection

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5
Q

monocytes

A

phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris

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6
Q

lymphocytes

A

control immune response and make antibodies to angigens

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7
Q

What do all blood cells come from?

A

a hematopoietic stem cell

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8
Q

What do erythrocytes come from?

A

erythroblasts

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9
Q

What do platelets come from?

A

mega-karyoblast

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10
Q

What do basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils come from?

A

myeloblasts

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11
Q

What do monocytes come from?

A

monoblast

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12
Q

What do lymphocytes come from?

A

lymphoblast

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13
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of plasma proteins?

A

albumin, globulins, fibrinogens, and prothrombins

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15
Q

What does Type A blood type have?

A

A antigen, anti-B antibody

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16
Q

What does Type B blood have?

A

B antigen- anti-A antibody

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17
Q

What does Type AB blood have?

A

A and B antigens and no antibodies

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18
Q

What does Type O blood have?

A

no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

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19
Q

What are 2 anticoagulants?

A

heparin and warfarin (Coumadin)

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20
Q

How does blood clotting work?

A

platelets aggregate at site then clotting factors like prothrombin and thrombin change fibrinogen to fibrin clot

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21
Q

albumin

A

protein in the blood that maintains the proper amount of water in blood

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22
Q

antibody

A

a specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacterial viruses or other antigens

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23
Q

antigen

A

a substance that stimulates production of an antibody

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24
Q

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells

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25
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

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26
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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27
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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28
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein

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29
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron, carries oxygen in red blood cells

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30
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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31
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein with antibody activity

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32
Q

macrophage

A

monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces; engulfs foreign material and debris; destroys worn out RBC’s

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33
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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34
Q

monocyte

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus that engulfs foreign material and debris

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35
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

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36
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

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37
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus

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38
Q

prothrombin

A

plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process

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39
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte

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40
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive individuals

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41
Q

serum

A

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

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42
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

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43
Q

bas/o

A

base

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44
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

45
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

46
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

47
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

48
Q

sider/o

A

iron

49
Q

apheresis

A

removal, a carrying away

50
Q

cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

51
Q

gen

A

giving rise to

52
Q

lytic

A

pertaining to distruction

53
Q

penia

A

deficiency

54
Q

philia

A

attraction for (increase in cell numbers)

55
Q

phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

56
Q

poiesis

A

formation

57
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

58
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destriction

59
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature red blood cells caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

60
Q

thalassemia

A

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

61
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout the body

62
Q

polycythemia vera

A

general increase in red blood cells

63
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by lack of blood clotting factors

64
Q

purpura

A

pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

65
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

A

bone marrow is replaced by myeloblasts

66
Q

acute lymphoid leukemia

A

most seen in children
lots of lymphoblasts

67
Q

chronic myeloid leukemia

A

mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the bone marrow and blood

68
Q

chronic lymphoid leukemia

A

too many mature lymphocytes in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
usually in elderly

69
Q

granulocytosis

A

increase in granulocytes in the blood

70
Q

mononucleosis

A

infection disease with increased mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

71
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

72
Q

antiglobulin test (Coombs test)

A

test for antibodies that coat and damage red blood cells

73
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

speed at which red blood cells settle out of plasma

74
Q

hematocrit

A

% of red blood cells in volume of blood

75
Q

hemoglobin test

A

amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

76
Q

prothrombin time

A

test of the ability of blood to clot

77
Q

apheresis

A

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

78
Q

ab

A

antibody

79
Q

ABMT

A

autologous bone marrow transplantation

80
Q

ABO

A

four main blood types

81
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphoid leukemia

82
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

83
Q

ANC

A

absolute neutrophil count

84
Q

ASCT

A

autologous stem cell transplantation

85
Q

bands

A

immature white blood cells

86
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

87
Q

CLL

A

chronic lymphoid leukemia

88
Q

DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

89
Q

EBV

A

epstein-barr virus
causes mono

90
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

91
Q

Fe

A

iron

92
Q

G-CSF

A

granulocyte colony stimulation factor

93
Q

GM-CSF

A

granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

94
Q

GVHD

A

graft-versus-host-disease

95
Q

HCL

A

hairy cell leukemia

96
Q

HgB

A

hemoglobin

97
Q

HLA

A

human leukocyte antigen

98
Q

ITP

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

99
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

100
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

101
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume

102
Q

MDS

A

myelodysplastic syndrome

103
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

104
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

105
Q

sed rate

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

106
Q

segs

A

segmented mature white blood cells

107
Q

SMAC

A

sequential multiple analyzer computer

108
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

Medical Terminology Advanced (13 decks)

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