Chapter 2 Study Guide

Question 1

2 roles of Glial cells

Answer 1

special cells that act as insulation and provide support for neurons

Question 2

The resting potential of a neuron

Answer 2

the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse

Question 3

Neurotransmitter

Answer 3

chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

gap: microscopic fluid-filled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

a chemical substance that mimics or enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

a chemical substance that blocks or reduces the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

involved in memory and stimulates movement

Question 8

reuptake

Answer 8

process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles

Question 9

FMRI

Answer 9

computer tracks changes in the oxygen levels of the blood, provides information on the brain’s function as well.

Question 10

Medulla

Answer 10

part of the hindbrain that controls heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

part of the hindbrain that controls balance and maintains muscle cooridination

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

part of the forebrain that relays information from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

influences our motivation, emotional control, fear response, and interpretation of nonverbal emotional expressions

Question 14

Corpus Callosum

Answer 14

connects left and right hemispheres of the brain

Question 15

Parietal Lobes

Answer 15

touch, temperature, body position

Question 16

Occipital Lobes

Answer 16

indentify visual info

Question 17

Frontal Lobes

Answer 17

higher mental functions, planning filter, regulate emotions

Question 18

Broca’s area

Answer 18

meaning is there but inability to speak in a smooth connected fashion; Damage to Broca’s area causes a person to be unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion.
Broca’s aphasia-inability to use or understand either written or spoken language

Question 19

Primary visual cortex

Answer 19

in the occipital lobe; the area where visual information from the eyes is processed

Question 20

Left Hemisphere

Answer 20

controls the right hand, spoken language, written language, math calculations, logical thought processes, analysis of detail, reading

Question 21

Right Hemisphere

Answer 21

controls the left hand, nonverbal, visual-spatial perception, music and artistic processing, emotional thought and recognition, processes the whole, pattern recognition, facial recognition