Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Psychology

A
  • it has methods for studying phenomena

- it is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behavior

A

outward or overt actions and reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mental processes

A

internal, covert activity of our minds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 primary goals of Psychology

A

Describe, explain, predict, control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wundt

A
  • studied nonphysical structure(i.e., thought, experiences, emotions, etc.) of the human mind
  • used objective introspection to study processes that were the result of physical sensations
  • first attempt to bring objectively and measurement to psychology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Objective Introspection

A

can be seen as the reflection of oneself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structuralism

A

structure of the mind

every experience could be broken into its individual emotions and sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functionalsim

A

how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work and play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

stressed importance of early life experiences, the role of the unconscious, and development through stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Behaviorism

A

must be directly seen and measured

focus on observable behavior and ignore consciousness issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychodynamic

A

focuses on the role of the unconscious mind and its influence on conscious behavior, early childhood experiences, development of sense of self, and other motivations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Behavioral

A

focuses on how behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Humanistic

A

focuses on human potential, free will, and possibility of self-actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cognitive

A

focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, language, and learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sociocultural

A

focuses on the behavior of individuals as the results of the presence (real or imagined) of other individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a larger culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Biopsychological

A

focuses on influences of hormones, brain structure and chemicals, disease, etc; human and animal behavior is seen as a direct result of events in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Evolutionary

A

focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how attractiveness influences mate selection, the university of fear, and why we enjoy things like music and dance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Psychologists

A
  • has a doctorate degree
  • works with humans or animals
  • must be licensed to practice independently
20
Q

Psychiatrist

A

medical doctor

21
Q

Psychiatric social worker

A

has training in area of social work and often has a professional license to practice

22
Q

Steps to the Scientific Method

A

1) question
2) hypothesis
3) test hypothesis
4) draw conclusions
5) report your results and replicate experiment

23
Q

What are the methods of decriptive data collection

A

naturalistic observation, lab obs, case studies, and surveys

24
Q

Naturalistic obs

A

observe people or animals in natural environment
-advantage: realistic pic of behavior
-disadvantage: observer effect and participant observation and observer bias
difficult to replicate findings

25
Q

Lab Obs

A

observe people or animals in lab setting

26
Q

Case studies

A

individual is studied in greater detail, researchers try to learn everything they can about the individual
Advantage: detail
Disadvantage: fails to generalize, vulnerability to bias

27
Q

Surveys

A

ask questions about topic researches are studying via telephone, internet, or a questionaire
Advantage: can reach many people, can study convert behavior
Disadvantage: subjective responses and courtesy bias and have to ensure a representative sample (has to represent the pop being studied)

28
Q

Observer effect

A

Tendency of people or animals to behave differently when they know they are being observed

29
Q

Participant observation

A

A naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed (to reduce observer effect)

30
Q

observer bias

A

tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

31
Q

blind observers

A

people who do not know what the research question is ( to reduce observer bias)

32
Q

Subjective responses

A

lies, distortions, false memories

33
Q

courtesy bias

A

the tendency to answer questions in a way that is more socially correct so no one is offended

34
Q

Correlation

A

measure of the relationship between two variables

35
Q

variable

A

anything that can change or vary

36
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

numerical value that represents the strength and directions of the realtionshp

37
Q

Prediction

A

researchers can make predictions based on findings

38
Q

Operational definition

A

definition of a variable that allows it to be measured

ex: IV and DV

39
Q

Experimental group

A

Group that is subjected to the independent variable

40
Q

Control Group

A

Group that is subjected tot he independent variable Controls for confounding variables

41
Q

Random Selection

A

Best way to control for biases and confounds

42
Q

Random Assignments

A

The process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly

43
Q

Placebo Effect

A

The Phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior

44
Q

Single Blind Study

A

Subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control group (reduces placebo effect)

45
Q

Experimenter Effect

A

Tendency of the experimenter’s expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study

46
Q

Double-Blind study

A

neither the experimenter nor the subjects know which subjects are in the experimental or control group (reduces placebo effect and experimenter effect)

47
Q

Institutional Review Boards

A

Groups of professionals who look over each proposed research study and judge it according to its safety and consideration for the participants in the study

Psychology 101 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions