Chapter 2

Question 1

neuroscience

Answer 1

the field of study that deals with the structure of the brain and components of the nervous system

Question 2

glial cells

Answer 2

provide physical and metabolic support to neurons; communicate with other cells; specific types have stem cell-like properties

Question 3

oligodendrocytes

Answer 3

produce myelin in the central nervous system

Question 4

Schwann cells

Answer 4

produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

neurons

Answer 5

specialized cells in nervous system; send and receive messages with in the system

Question 6

Resting potential

Answer 6

the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse

Question 7

action potential

Answer 7

the release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon

Question 8

axon terminals

Answer 8

rounded areas at the end of the branched at the end of the axon

Question 9

synaptic vesicles

Answer 9

sack-like structures found inside the axon terminal containing chemiclas

Question 10

synapse.synaptic gap

Answer 10

microscopic fluid-filled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell

Question 11

receptor sites

Answer 11

holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters

Question 12

acetylcholine

Answer 12

involved in memory and stimulates movement

Question 13

somatic nervous system

Answer 13

controls the voluntary muscles of the body; involves the sensory pathway (sensory neurons carrying information to spinal cord and/or brain) and the motor pathway (nerves that carry information to voluntary skeletal muscles)

Question 14

autonomic nervous system

Answer 14

controls automatic functions of the body (organs, glands, involuntary muscles)

Question 15

sympathetic division

Answer 15

fight or flight functions reacts to stressful event and bodily arousal

Question 16

parasympathetic division

Answer 16

eat drink and rest functions restores body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for day to day functioning of glands and organs

Question 17

glands

Answer 17

organs in the body that secrete chemicals; some affect functioning of the body but not behavior; others have widespread influence on the body and behavior

Question 18

endocrine glands

Answer 18

secrete chemicals called hormones into bloodstream, affect behavior and emotions by influencing the activity of the brain and by controlling muscles and organs such as the hear, pancreas, and sex organs

Question 19

4 lobes of the cortex

Answer 19

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 20

the cortex

Answer 20

the outermost, wrinkled layer of the brain comprised of left and right hemispheres, connected by corpus callosum; each hemisphere can be further divided into four lobes

Question 21

cerebral hemisphere (left)

Answer 21

specializes in tasks that involve sequence and analysis (lang, speech, handwriting, math)

Question 22

cerebral hemisphere (right)

Answer 22

processes information in a more global sense (perception, visualization spatial perception, recognition of patterns, faces, and emotional expression)