Chapter 2 - Research Methods

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

consistency of measurement

Question 2

Validity

Answer 2

extent to which a measure asses what it purports to measure

Question 3

Correlational Design

Answer 3

research design that examines the extent to which 2 variables are associated

Question 4

Illusory correlation

Answer 4

perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists

Question 5

Heuristic

Answer 5

mental shortcut that helps us to streamline our thinking and make sense of our world

Question 6

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 6

heuristic that involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype

Question 7

Availability heuristic

Answer 7

heuristic that involves estimating the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds

Question 8

Cognitive biases

Answer 8

systemic errors in thinking

Question 9

Hindsight bias

Answer 9

tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecasted known outcomes

Question 10

Overconfidence

Answer 10

tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions

Question 11

External validity

Answer 11

extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings

Question 12

Internal validity

Answer 12

extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study