Chapter 16 - Psychological and Biological Treatments

Question 1

Psychiatrists

Answer 1

7-9 years after undergrad, can prescribe medications

Question 2

Clinical psychologists

Answer 2

5-7 year PhD in clinical psychology +practicum/internship, clinical research and training

Question 3

Counseling Psychologists

Answer 3

3-7 year MA and/or PhD/PsyD/EdD

Question 4

Counselors

Answer 4

Widest range of education: 0-5 years

Question 5

Counselors

Answer 5

Widest range of education: 0-5 years

Question 6

Free association (Psychoanalysis)

Answer 6

technique in which client expresses themselves anyway they like

Question 7

Resistance (Psychoanalysis)

Answer 7

avoid future confrontation with thoughts and emotions that causes them anxiety

Question 8

Transference (Psychoanalysis)

Answer 8

projecting intense, unrealistic feelings

Question 9

Interpersonal therapy

Answer 9

strengths social skills and targets interpersonal problems and conflicts

Question 10

Humanistic therapies

Answer 10

emphasize the development of human potential and belief that human nature is inherently positive

Question 11

Structural family therapy

Answer 11

therapists deeply involve themselves in the family to change how family members act with one another

Question 12

Behavioural therapy

Answer 12

focus on specific problem behaviours and on things that maintain problematic thoughts, feelings and behaviours (nail-biting)

Question 13

Systemic desensitization

Answer 13

relax as you are gradually exposed to your fear in a stepwise matter

Question 14

Dismantling

Answer 14

procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment

Question 15

Aversion therapy (Operant Procedures)

Answer 15

treatment that uses punishment to decrease frequency of undesirable behaviours

Question 16

Cognitive-behavioural therapies

Answer 16

attempt to replace maladaptive or irrational thoughts with adaptive and rational thoughts

Question 17

Meta-analysis

Answer 17

method that helps researchers to interpret large bodies of psychological data

Question 18

Placebo effect

Answer 18

taking something that is supposed to be a drug that helps you with your disorder, but is actually fake and is just used to trick you into thinking you are taking the drug

Question 19

Nocebo effect

Answer 19

believing you have an ailment, experiencing the effects of the ailment, but medically you don’t have it

Question 20

Demand characteristic

Answer 20

trying to avoid a treatment you don’t want by sabotaging it

Question 21

Experimenter Expectancy Effect

Answer 21

giving two different treatments to 2 different groups, but giving more support to the group you believe in the most

Question 22

Antidepressants

Answer 22

inhibit dopamine, re uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, also treats eating disorders; side effects include nausea, dizziness, insomnia

Question 23

Anti psychotics

Answer 23

block post synaptic dopamine receptors and blocks activity of serotonin, treat schizophrenia; side effects include muscle tics, diabetes, white blood cell toxicity

Question 24

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 24

brief electrical pulses that cause seizures to treat serious psychological problems