Chapter 2: Principles of Learning Flashcards
Which sensory-stimulus takes in the most information?
Seeing
page 25
The Cone of Learning illustrates that people learn more when they:
actively participate
page 26
Which term first used by Dr. Malcolm Knowles is used to describe the art of teaching adults?
Andragogy
page 26
Which law of adult learning theorized by Professor Edward Thorndike suggests that habits and memories used repeatedly are strengthened and habits not reinforced are weakened?
Disuse
page 27
How many levels are in in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Five
page 29
Which learning domain encompasses “what” information a student should learn?
Cognitive
page 29
Which learning domain encompasses “how” a student should apply knowledge?
Psychomotor
page 29
Which learning domain encompasses “why” the information is useful to a student?
Affective
page 29
Age, gender, cultural and ethnic background, and learning styles are examples of which factor that contributes to a learning environment?
Student diversity
page 31
Which student diversity factor describes a preference by students to set their own goals and learn content independent of the rest of the class?
Self-regulated learning
page 35
Which term refers to the action between individuals that can reveal both similarities and differences in the way people interact?
Interpersonal communication
page 35
Which example would describe the interpersonal communication purpose of helping?
Attend to another person’s needs or console someone in a time of tragedy or loss
page 37
Which interpersonal communication term refers to verbal or nonverbal student responses to an instructor?
Feedback
page 37
How much class time do students spend listening to the instructor, other students, or audiovisual presentations?
50 to 75 percent
page 40
Which unique aspect of the listening process focuses on the speaker while ignoring any other distractions?
Attending
page 40
Which factor that affects student learning generally consists of external pressures and concerns?
Learning obstacles
page 41
Which factor that affects student learning is referred to as a break in upward progress?
Learning plateaus
page 42
Which motivation technique refers to telling students why the knowledge and skills they are learning are important and how they can be applied to real-life situations?
Provide relevance
page 43
Which motivation technique is defined as identifying criteria for successful completion of tasks, lessons, and courses?
Setting realistic and obtainable goals
page 43
Which learning theory suggest people can only change their behavior or knowledge base by engaging the five senses?
Sensory-Stimulus Theory
page 25
The mental storage system for attention-getting sensory stimuli or input is referred to as:
sensory memory
page 26
The Cone of Learning illustrates that the approximate amount of information retained by reading is:
10 percent
page 26
The Cone of Learning illustrates that approximately 90 percent of the amount of information is retained when it is:
said and done at the same time
page 26
Which learning mode results in the highest retention of information during the learning process?
Using multiple senses
page 26
Which term describes the characteristics of adult students and provides a set of assumptions for most effectively teaching adults?
Andragogy
page 26
Which characteristic of andragogy assumes that adults have specific purposes for learning and want skills that can be applied to real-life situations?
Learning orientation
page 27
Which learning theory suggests that there are certain laws or traits of adult learners that can be used to effectively instruct adult students?
Thorndike’s Laws of Learning
page 27
Which learning theory assumes that adults learn faster and surer when they can practice an action?
Exercise
page 27
Which learning theory suggests there are five stages to explain human motivation?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
page 29
Maslow postulated that all people are capable of reaching higher levels but their progress may be disrupted by:
life circumstances
page 29
Which term refers to interrelated areas in which learning occurs?
Domains of learning
page 29
Which domain of learning encompasses what information a student should learn?
Cognitive
page 29
Which domain of learning refers to how a student should apply the information being taught?
Psychomotor
page 29
Which domain of learning refers to why the information being taught is useful to the student?
Affective
page 29
The cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains are the _____ of the learning process.
what, how, and why
page 29
Which factor contributes to a learning environment including life experiences, motivation, and learning style variations?
Student diversity
page 31
Which factor enhances the instructional environment with diversity of thought?
Increased student diversity
page 32
Which student diversity factor describes unique customs, behaviors, attitudes, and values?
Cultural and ethnic background
page 34
Which factor refers to the consistent way a person perceives, remembers, and thinks about information and solves problems?
Learning styles
page 35
Which technique helps instructors reach the many individual learning styles so all students can participate in the style that enables them to learn?
Using a variety of methods and learning activities
page 35
Which type of learner is likely working toward a goal for personal satisfaction?
Self-regulated
page 35
Informal language, spontaneity, formality, and intensity are characteristics of:
interpersonal communication
page 35
Which general purpose for interpersonal communication refers to controlling, directing, or manipulating behavior?
Influencing
page 37
Which basic element of interpersonal communication involves the reaction of the receiver to the message and its tone?
Feedback to the sender
page 37
Whose responsibility is it in the classroom model of instruction to interpret and encode the information in a lesson plan so it is understood?
Instructor
page 37
Which factor should instructors pay attention to in order to modify the lesson to better serve students?
Feedback
page 37
Which part of interpersonal communication involves the message carrying most of the abstract meaning in communication?
Verbal
page 38
Which interpersonal guideline should an instructor practice to be aware of the receiver’s frame of reference?
Engage in dual perspective
page 38
Which interpersonal guideline suggests instructors not exaggerate lip or mouth movements when communicating with a hearing impaired person?
Be aware of any special needs of the receiver
page 38
Which component of interpersonal communication includes body language, eye contact, and personal appearance?
Nonverbal
page 39
Which aspect of nonverbal communication includes practicing speaking slowly and using appropriate volume for the situation?
Vocal characteristics
page 39
Which aspect of the listening process refers to focusing on the speaker while ignoring any other distractions?
Attending
page 41
Which aspect of the listening process refers to critically analyzing information to determine how accurate it is?
Evaluating
page 41
What aspect of the listening process involves taking notes, repeating lesson material back to an instructor, and using mnemonic devices?
Remembering
page 41
Which technique is the best way to develop active listening skills?
Practice
page 41
Generally, _____ to learning consist of external pressures and concerns that make the ability to focus on learning difficult and frustrating.
obstacles
page 41
Which emotional response may have a negative effect on learning if students perceive they are not prepared for class?
Anxiety
page 41
Students who find it difficult to reach a particular skill level may be experiencing:
a learning plateau
page 42
Which motivation technique lets the student know why the knowledge or skills they are learning are important?
Providing relevancy
page 43
Which motivation technique requires the instructor to provide external reasons, such as rewards, recognition, and certificates to make the student feel successful?
Incorporating motivators
page 43
Which motivation technique uses activities that include discussions to develop thinking skills and provide opportunities for participation in activities that hold attention?
Generating interest and participation
page 43
