Chapter 2: Inflammation

Question 1

involves reorganization of the WBC and insertion of the psedopods into the gaps of endothlial cells.

Answer 1

diapedesis

Question 2

increased hydrostatic pressure leads to ___

Answer 2

edema

Question 3

accumulation of fluid within the extravascular compartment and interstitial tissues

Answer 3

edema

Question 4

increased permeability of vessel wall and increased hydrostatic pressure –> ___ edema fluid with a low protein content (specific gravity <1.0)

Answer 4

transudate

Question 5

edema fluid with a high protein concentration (specific gravity >1.0), which frequntly contains inflammatory cells

Answer 5

exudate

Question 6

3 types of exudate

Answer 6

serous exudate
fibrinous exudate
purulent exudate

Question 7

has a yellow, straw-like color and is characterized by the absence of a prominent cellular response

Answer 7

serous exudate

Question 8

contains large amounts of fibrin as a result of activation of the coagulation system

Answer 8

fibrinous exudate

Question 9

contains cellular components. Associated with pathologic conditions such as pyogenic bacterial infections in which the predominant cell type is the poly morphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)

Answer 9

purulent exudate

Question 10

mediators of inflammation
divided into 2 groups:
-___ ___: inactive to active
-___ ___: stored in leukocytes and platelets

Answer 10

plasma derived

cell derived

Question 11

include, among others, biogenic amines, peptides, and arachidonic acid derivatives

Answer 11

biochemically diverse

Question 12

act on many cells and tissues

Answer 12

multifunctional

Question 13

mediators of inflammation are: (2)

Answer 13

histamine and bradykinin

Question 14

histamine

• ___ amine
• released from ___ and ___ cells
• ___ inflammatory response
• short action (“immediate transient reaction”) because it is inactivated by ___
• Benadryl (___) is an ___ of the histamine ___ receptor. ___ the histamine actively.

Answer 14

biogenic
platelets, mast
increase
histaminase 
Diphenhydramine, antagonist, H1, blocks

Question 15

bradykinin

• has a similar action as ___
• induces ___

Answer 15

histamine

pain

Question 16

___ ___is derived from phospholipids through the action of ___

Answer 16

arachidonic acid

phospholipases

Question 17

Arachidonic acid is further metabolized through two pathways:

Answer 17

Lipoxygenase pathway

Cyclooxygenase pathway

Question 18

ischaracterizedby increased blood flow, increased permeability of vessels to cells, proteins, fluids and inflammatory cells (neutrophils or PMN) out in the tissue. Usually happens as a natural homeostasis process

Answer 18

acute inflammation

Question 19

:ischaracterizedbythe presence of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. There is a associated tissue destruction, scarring and granulation tissue formation. It persists over a longer period of time.

Answer 19

chronic inflammation

Question 20

Earlystageofmost inflammation & produce exudate

Answer 20

serous inflammation

Question 21

exudate of coagulated fibrin

Answer 21

fibrinous inflammation

Question 22

acute form of exudative inflammation in which the enzymes produced by white blood cells cause liquefaction of the affected tissues, resulting in the formation of pus

Answer 22

purulent inflammation

Question 23

necrosisonornearthe surface leads to loss of tissue and creation of a local defect (ulcer).

Answer 23

ulcerative inflammation

Question 24

acute inflammatory response to a powerful necrotizing toxin (e.g. diphtheria toxin—bacterial toxin), characterized by formation on a mucosal surface of a false membrane composed of precipitated fibrin, necrotic epithelium, and inflammatory leukocytes

Answer 24

Pseudomembranous inflammation

Question 25

aform,usually chronic, attended by formation of granulomas

Answer 25

granulomatous inflammation

Question 26

___ is an inflammatory exudate formed within the tissues consisting of ___ ___, ___ tissues, microorganisms, and tissue fluids. Usually pale yellow to yellow green, sometimes whitish, and sometimes bloody. ___ ___ is its most common cause.

Answer 26

pus
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
necrotic
Bacterial infection (gram +/-)

Question 27

Tissue can regenerate, or the repair takes place in form of ___
Outcome depends on the type of cells forming the tissue:
– Continuously dividing cells
– Quiescent facultative mitotic cells – Nondividing postmitotic cells

Answer 27

scarring

Question 28

It is associated with hyper-extensive joints, hyper elasticity of skin, dissecting aortic aneurysms, rupture of the colon, and vessel instability resulting in skin hemorrhages. It is caused by mutations which affects the collagen structure and synthesis. Transmission based on Mendelian genetics.
•Types I and III collagen are most often affected

Answer 28

Ehlers-Dalos syndrome

Question 29

complications of wound healing

• deficient scar formation
• -___ of tissue margins
• -excess ___ formation
• -___ (Collagen- III)
• -large scars in ___ patients

Answer 29

separation
scar
keloid
burn

Question 30

An inflammatory process caused by disease- producing organisms

Answer 30

infection

Question 31

“it is”is the suffix used with the name of the tissue or organ to indicate an ___ or ___ ___
-Examples: appendicitis, hepatitis, colitis

Answer 31

infection

inflammatory process

Question 32

acute spreading infection at any site

Answer 32

cellulitis

Question 33

infection associated with breakdown of tissues and formation of pus

Answer 33

abscess

Question 34

overwhelming infection where pathogenic bacteria gain access to bloodstream

Answer 34

septicemia or septic shock

Question 35

ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome the defenses of the body

Answer 35

virulence of organism

Question 36

one that produces

disease in the majority of susceptible individuals

Answer 36

highly virulent organism

Question 37

one that produces disease only in highly susceptible individuals under favorable conditions

Answer 37

low virulence organism