Chapter 2: Inflammation Flashcards
involves reorganization of the WBC and insertion of the psedopods into the gaps of endothlial cells.
diapedesis
increased hydrostatic pressure leads to ___
edema
accumulation of fluid within the extravascular compartment and interstitial tissues
edema
increased permeability of vessel wall and increased hydrostatic pressure –> ___ edema fluid with a low protein content (specific gravity <1.0)
transudate
edema fluid with a high protein concentration (specific gravity >1.0), which frequntly contains inflammatory cells
exudate
3 types of exudate
serous exudate
fibrinous exudate
purulent exudate
has a yellow, straw-like color and is characterized by the absence of a prominent cellular response
serous exudate
contains large amounts of fibrin as a result of activation of the coagulation system
fibrinous exudate
contains cellular components. Associated with pathologic conditions such as pyogenic bacterial infections in which the predominant cell type is the poly morphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)
purulent exudate
mediators of inflammation
divided into 2 groups:
-___ ___: inactive to active
-___ ___: stored in leukocytes and platelets
plasma derived
cell derived
include, among others, biogenic amines, peptides, and arachidonic acid derivatives
biochemically diverse
act on many cells and tissues
multifunctional
mediators of inflammation are: (2)
histamine and bradykinin
histamine
- ___ amine
- released from ___ and ___ cells
- ___ inflammatory response
- short action (“immediate transient reaction”) because it is inactivated by ___
- Benadryl (___) is an ___ of the histamine ___ receptor. ___ the histamine actively.
biogenic platelets, mast increase histaminase Diphenhydramine, antagonist, H1, blocks
bradykinin
- has a similar action as ___
- induces ___
histamine
pain
___ ___is derived from phospholipids through the action of ___
arachidonic acid
phospholipases
Arachidonic acid is further metabolized through two pathways:
Lipoxygenase pathway
Cyclooxygenase pathway
ischaracterizedby increased blood flow, increased permeability of vessels to cells, proteins, fluids and inflammatory cells (neutrophils or PMN) out in the tissue. Usually happens as a natural homeostasis process
acute inflammation
:ischaracterizedbythe presence of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. There is a associated tissue destruction, scarring and granulation tissue formation. It persists over a longer period of time.
chronic inflammation
Earlystageofmost inflammation & produce exudate
serous inflammation
exudate of coagulated fibrin
fibrinous inflammation
acute form of exudative inflammation in which the enzymes produced by white blood cells cause liquefaction of the affected tissues, resulting in the formation of pus
purulent inflammation
necrosisonornearthe surface leads to loss of tissue and creation of a local defect (ulcer).
ulcerative inflammation
acute inflammatory response to a powerful necrotizing toxin (e.g. diphtheria toxin—bacterial toxin), characterized by formation on a mucosal surface of a false membrane composed of precipitated fibrin, necrotic epithelium, and inflammatory leukocytes
Pseudomembranous inflammation
aform,usually chronic, attended by formation of granulomas
granulomatous inflammation
___ is an inflammatory exudate formed within the tissues consisting of ___ ___, ___ tissues, microorganisms, and tissue fluids. Usually pale yellow to yellow green, sometimes whitish, and sometimes bloody. ___ ___ is its most common cause.
pus
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
necrotic
Bacterial infection (gram +/-)
Tissue can regenerate, or the repair takes place in form of ___
Outcome depends on the type of cells forming the tissue:
– Continuously dividing cells
– Quiescent facultative mitotic cells – Nondividing postmitotic cells
scarring
It is associated with hyper-extensive joints, hyper elasticity of skin, dissecting aortic aneurysms, rupture of the colon, and vessel instability resulting in skin hemorrhages. It is caused by mutations which affects the collagen structure and synthesis. Transmission based on Mendelian genetics.
•Types I and III collagen are most often affected
Ehlers-Dalos syndrome
complications of wound healing
- deficient scar formation
- -___ of tissue margins
- -excess ___ formation
- -___ (Collagen- III)
- -large scars in ___ patients
separation
scar
keloid
burn
An inflammatory process caused by disease- producing organisms
infection
“it is”is the suffix used with the name of the tissue or organ to indicate an ___ or ___ ___
-Examples: appendicitis, hepatitis, colitis
infection
inflammatory process
acute spreading infection at any site
cellulitis
infection associated with breakdown of tissues and formation of pus
abscess
overwhelming infection where pathogenic bacteria gain access to bloodstream
septicemia or septic shock
ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome the defenses of the body
virulence of organism
one that produces
disease in the majority of susceptible individuals
highly virulent organism
one that produces disease only in highly susceptible individuals under favorable conditions
low virulence organism
