Chapter 2: Common Functional Groups Flashcards
What are the 4 biomolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Neucleotides
What is a hydrocarbon
CH4 non-polar
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
What is another word for carbohydrate
sugar
What is a monosaccharide
a single carbohydrate unit, also called simple sugars
What are examples of a monosaccharide
Fructose, Glucose, Calactose
What is a disaccharide
composed of 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together through glucosidic linkage
What are examples of a disaccharide
Sucrose and Lactose
What is a polysaccharide
more than 3 monosaccharides covalently bonded together
What is an example of a polysaccharide
Glycogen and Starch
What are the 3 types of lipids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
What are the characteristics of lipids
composed of hydrocarbons, non-polar, and hydrophobic
What is a triglyceride
Composed of a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids
what are the types of fatty acids
saturated and unsaturated
What is a saturated fatty acid
a fatty acid with no double carbon bonds
What is an unsaturated fatty acid
a fatty acid has double carbon bonds
Are triglycerides soluble or insoluble in water
Non-polar, hydrophobic, insoluble in water
What is a phospholipid
A hydrophilic (polar) head and a hydrophobic (non-polar) tail
What do phospholipids form
Our plasma membrane
What are steroids
formed from cholesterol, made of hydrocarbons so they are non-polar and hydrophobic
What are examples of steroids
Estrogen, testosterone, and aldosterone
What are proteins
polymers (chemical chains) of amino acids
What are amino acids
the building blocks of proteins, there are 20 kinds of amino acids
What is a fibrous protein
serves a structural role
