Chapter 2: Common Functional Groups

Question 1

What are the 4 biomolecules

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Neucleotides

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 2

CH4 non-polar

Question 3

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

Answer 3

1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 4

What is another word for carbohydrate

Answer 4

sugar

Question 5

What is a monosaccharide

Answer 5

a single carbohydrate unit, also called simple sugars

Question 6

What are examples of a monosaccharide

Answer 6

Fructose, Glucose, Calactose

Question 7

What is a disaccharide

Answer 7

composed of 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together through glucosidic linkage

Question 8

What are examples of a disaccharide

Answer 8

Sucrose and Lactose

Question 9

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 9

more than 3 monosaccharides covalently bonded together

Question 10

What is an example of a polysaccharide

Answer 10

Glycogen and Starch

Question 11

What are the 3 types of lipids

Answer 11

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids

Question 12

What are the characteristics of lipids

Answer 12

composed of hydrocarbons, non-polar, and hydrophobic

Question 13

What is a triglyceride

Answer 13

Composed of a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids

Question 14

what are the types of fatty acids

Answer 14

saturated and unsaturated

Question 15

What is a saturated fatty acid

Answer 15

a fatty acid with no double carbon bonds

Question 16

What is an unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 16

a fatty acid has double carbon bonds

Question 17

Are triglycerides soluble or insoluble in water

Answer 17

Non-polar, hydrophobic, insoluble in water

Question 18

What is a phospholipid

Answer 18

A hydrophilic (polar) head and a hydrophobic (non-polar) tail

Question 19

What do phospholipids form

Answer 19

Our plasma membrane

Question 20

What are steroids

Answer 20

formed from cholesterol, made of hydrocarbons so they are non-polar and hydrophobic

Question 21

What are examples of steroids

Answer 21

Estrogen, testosterone, and aldosterone

Question 22

What are proteins

Answer 22

polymers (chemical chains) of amino acids

Question 23

What are amino acids

Answer 23

the building blocks of proteins, there are 20 kinds of amino acids

Question 24

What is a fibrous protein

Answer 24

serves a structural role

Question 25

What is a globular protein

Answer 25

serves a functional role

Question 26

What is an example of a fibrous protein

Answer 26

collagen

Question 27

What is an example of a globular protein

Answer 27

insulin

Question 28

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide

Answer 28

1. Phosphate group
2. Five carbon carbohydrate group
3. base

Question 29

What are the 2 types of bases

Answer 29

Pyrimidines and Purines

Question 30

What are the Purines

Answer 30

Adenine and Guanine

Question 31

What are the Pyrimidines

Answer 31

Cytosine and Thymine (Uracil in RNA)

Question 32

What are the Energy-Transferring nucleotides

Answer 32

ATP, ADP, NAD, FAD

Question 33

What are the Cyclic nucleotides

Answer 33

cAMP + cGMP are messenger molecules

Question 34

What is a nucleic acid

Answer 34

multiple nucleotides bound together

Question 35

What is DNA

Answer 35

stores genetic code, made up of two strands of nucleotides, in a double helix with an antiparallel structure

Question 36

What is RNA

Answer 36

expresses genetic code, made up of one strand of nucleotides, created from the transcription of DNA