Chapter 2: Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Nucleus
Central core of an atom composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Atoms
The smallest unit of matter in the body. Composed of several kinds of subatomic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Ionic Bonds
Chemical bond formed by the positive-negative attraction between two ions.
Colvalent Bonds
When atoms share electrons.
Hydrogen Bonds
A kind of weak attraction that helps hold your body’s substance together.
Inorganic Compound
Compound whose molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Molecules: water, some acids, bases and salts.
Organic Compound
Compound whose large molecules contain carbon and include carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds and/or carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
Major Types: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein and nucleic acid.
PH Scale
Acidic is less than 7 and has a High H*
Basic is more than 7 and has a Low H*
Aqueous Solution
Water plus common salt.
Water
Compound most essential to life.
ATP
Yields energy for muscle contraction.
Base
Alkaline compound.
Solvent
Dissolves solutes.
PH
A measure of the H* concentration.
Dehydration Synthesis
Reactants combine only after H and O atoms are removed.
Inorganic
A type of compound.
Weak Acid
Dissociates very little.
Hydrolysis
The reverse of dehydration synthesis.
Strong Acid
Easily dissociates to form H* ions.
Reactants
Combine to form a larger product.
Cabohydrate
Monosaccharide, glycogen, and sucrose.
Also contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
Lipid
Triglyceride (only 1 fatty acid and oil), cholesterol, and phospholipid (multiple fatty acids and oils).
Fats and Oils
Proteins
Amino acid, and contains C,O,H and N.
Nucleic Acid
DNA, and RNA.
