Chapter 1: Intro. To The Body Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the human body.
Physiology
The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
Cells
Considered to be the smallest “living” units of structure and function in our body.
Tissues
An organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function.
Organs
A group of several different kinds of tissue arranged in ways that allow them to act as a unit to perform a special function.
Systems
An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to perform complex functions for the body.
Organisim
The body as a whole…i.e. all the atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and systems that interactively function together for survival.
Anatomical Position
The body is in an erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The head and feet also point forward with the feet slightly apart from one another.
Superior
Toward the head (upper/above).
Inferior
Toward the feet (lower/below)
Proximal
Toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts.
Distal
Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part.
Supine
The body is lying face upward.
Prone
The body is lying face downward.
Transverse Plane
A horizontal or crosswise plane divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower portions.
Body Cavities
2 main cavities: Dorsal and Ventral
Dorsal Cavity
Holds the Cranial and Spinal cavities.
Ventral Cavity
Holds the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities.
Thoracic Cavity
Mediastinum and Pleural Cavities.
Mediastinum
Trachea, heart, and blood vessels.
Pleural
Lungs
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Abdominal Cavity
Liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and parts of the large intestine.
Pelvic Cavity
Lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs.
Cranial Cavity
Brain
Spinal Cavity
Spinal cord
Axial
Head, neck and torso/trunk.
Appendicular
Upper and lower extremities (limbs).
Homeostasis
The relative constancy of the internal environment.
Negative Feedback Loop
Opposes or negates a change in controlled condition.
Positive Feedback Loop
(Stimulatory) Temporarily amplifies the change that is occurring until it is eventually stopped.
Diaphram
Separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
