Chapter 12: Blood

Question 1

Blood Plasma

Answer 1

Definition: Blood minus its cells.

Composition: Water containing many dissolved substances (e.g.,
nutrients, salts, and hormones)

Question 2

Erythrocytes

Answer 2

Are red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 3

Leukocytes

Answer 3

Definition: Are white blood cells (WBCs).
Function: Defense

Question 4

Thrombocytes

Answer 4

Platelets

Question 5

Red Blood Cell (RBC) function?

Answer 5

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Anemia

Answer 6

Inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues; caused, for example by: Inadequate RBC numbers, Deficiency of hemoglobin, and pernicious anemia: deficiency of vitamin B12.

Question 7

Antigen

Answer 7

Substance that can activate immune system.

Question 8

Antibody

Answer 8

Substance made by body in response to stimulation by an antigen.

Question 9

Blood Types: ABO System

Answer 9

Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O

Question 10

Rh-Positive Blood

Answer 10

Rh factor antigen present in RBCs.

Question 11

Rh-Negative Blood

Answer 11

No Rh factor present in RBCs.

Question 12

Universal Donor Blood

Answer 12

Type O Rh negative

Question 13

Universal Recipient Blood

Answer 13

Type AB Rh positive

Question 14

Leukopenia

Answer 14

Abnormally low WBC count.

Question 15

Leukocytosis

Answer 15

Abnormally high WBC count

Question 16

Eosinophils

Answer 16

Protect against parasitic irritants and allergies.

Question 17

Basophils

Answer 17

Produce heparin (which inhibits clotting).

Question 18

Platelets

Answer 18

Play an essential role in blood clotting.

Question 19

Thrombus

Answer 19

When a clot stays in the place it has formed (Condition is called thrombosis).

Question 20

Embolus

Answer 20

When a part of a clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream (Condition is called embolism).

Question 21

Acidosis

Answer 21

Condition in which there is an excessive proportion of acid in the blood (and thus an abnormally low blood pH); opposite of alkalosis.

Question 22

Anemia

Answer 22

Deficient number of red blood cells or deficient hemoglobin.

Question 23

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 23

A disease that may develop when an Rh-negative mother has anti-Rh antibodies and gives birth to an Rh-positive baby and the antibodies react with the Rh-positive cells of the baby.

Question 24

Fibrinogen

Answer 24

Soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting.

Question 25

Hematocrit

Answer 25

Volume percentage of blood cells in whole body.

Question 26

Leukocytes

Answer 26

Abnormally high white blood cell numbers in the blood.

Question 27

Leukopenia

Answer 27

Abnormally low white blood cell numbers in the blood.

Question 28

Phagocytosis

Answer 28

Ingestion and digestion of particles by a cell.

Question 29

Polycythemia

Answer 29

An excessive number of red blood cells.

Question 30

Rh Factor

Answer 30

A system of blood typing that identifies the presence or absence of Rhesus (Rh) antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells.

Question 31

Serum

Answer 31

Blood plasma minus its clotting factors; still contains antibodies.

Question 32

Sickle Cell

Answer 32

Anemia: Severe, possibly lipidal hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin.

Trait: Present when only one defective gene is inherited and only a small amount of hemoglobin that is less soluble than usual is produced.

Question 33

Thrombosis

Answer 33

Formation of a clot in a blood vessel.