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Biology > Chapter 2-Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter an object has

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2
Q

Weight

A

the force made by gravity acting on mass

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3
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into similar kinds of matter

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4
Q

Periodic table

A

information about the elements

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5
Q

Atom

A
  • The simplest particle of an element

- retains all the properties of that Element

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

The Central of an atom

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7
Q

Proton

A

positively charged particles

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8
Q

Neutron

A

Neutrally charged (no charge)

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons an Atom has

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10
Q

Mass number

A

equal to the total number of protons and neutrons of the atom

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11
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles

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12
Q

Orbital

A

indicates the location of the electrons

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13
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same Element that have a different number of neutrons

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14
Q

Compounds

A

made of Atoms of two or more elements in fixed properties

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15
Q

Chemical bonds

A

The attractive forces that hold atoms together

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16
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Forms when to Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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17
Q

Molecule

A
  • The simplest part of a substance

- retains all the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state.

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18
Q

Ion

A

no electrical charge

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19
Q

Ionic bond

A

When positive and negative charges attract each other

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20
Q

Matter

A

Everything that occupies space and mass

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21
Q

Polar

A

An uneven distribution of a charge

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22
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a positive charge and another atom or molecule with a positive charge

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23
Q

Cohesion

A

An attractive Force that holds molecules of a single substance together

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24
Q

Adhesion

A

The attractive force between two particles of different substances

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25
Q

Capillarity

A

The attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid

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26
Q

Solution

A

A mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance

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27
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in the solvent

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28
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which the solute is dissolved

29
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solvent dissolved in a fixed amount of solution

30
Q

Saturated solution

A

One in which no more solute can dissolve

31
Q

Aqueous Solutions

A

Solutions in which water is the solvent

32
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

The oh- ion

33
Q

Hydronium ion

A

An ion consisting of a proton combined by molecule of water: H3O+

34
Q

Acid

A
  • Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water
  • acids turn blue litmus paper read and react with bases and some metals from salts
35
Q

Base

A
  • Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
  • bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
36
Q

pH scale

A

A range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in Acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of less then 7 is acidic, and a pH of greater then 7 is basic

37
Q

Buffer

A
  • A solution made from a weak acid

- neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it

38
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

39
Q

Catalysis

A

The acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst

40
Q

Reactant

A

A substance that participates in a chemical reaction

41
Q

Product

A

A substance that forms in a chemical reaction

42
Q

Enzyme

A

A molecule either protein or RNA that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions

43
Q

Non-Polar

A

A covalent compound where electrons one are shared equally

44
Q

Organic compound

A

Made up primarily of carbon Atoms

45
Q

Functional groups

A

Clusters of atoms in most organic compounds

46
Q

Monomers

A

carbon atoms built up from smaller simple molecules

47
Q

Polymer

A

Is a molecule that consist of repeated linked units

48
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large polymers

49
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction

50
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The breakdown of some complex molecules such as Polymers

51
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (atp)

A

The place where large amounts of energy is stored

52
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • Organic compounds
  • composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen
  • in the ratio of about One carbon Adam per to two hydrogen Atoms to one oxygen Atom
53
Q

Monosaccharides

A

A monomer of a carbohydrate

54
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharides combined in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar

55
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Is a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides

56
Q

Proteins

A

Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon hydrogen oxygen and Nitrogen

57
Q

Amino acids

A

Linkage of monomers

58
Q

Peptide bond

A

When two amino acids form a covalent bond

59
Q

Polypeptides

A

Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptides

60
Q

Enzymes

A
  • Rna or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts
  • essential for the functioning of any cell
61
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant being catalyzed

62
Q

Active site

A

Folds in the enzyme

63
Q

Lipids

A

Larger, nopolar organic molecules

64
Q

Fatty acids

A

Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids

65
Q

Phospholipids

A

Two rather then three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

66
Q

Nucleic acids

A
  • large and complex organic molecules

- store and transfer important information in the cell

67
Q

Dna

A
  • Contains information that determines the characteristics of the organism
  • directs it’s a living activities
68
Q

Rna

A
  • Stores and transfers information from DNA

- essential for the manufacturing of proteins

69
Q

Nucleotide

A

Made of three main components: –a phosphate group,

  • five carbon sugar
  • a ring shaped nitrogenous base.

Biology (24 decks)

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