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Biology > Chapter 2-Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter an object has

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2
Q

Weight

A

the force made by gravity acting on mass

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3
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into similar kinds of matter

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4
Q

Periodic table

A

information about the elements

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5
Q

Atom

A
  • The simplest particle of an element

- retains all the properties of that Element

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

The Central of an atom

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7
Q

Proton

A

positively charged particles

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8
Q

Neutron

A

Neutrally charged (no charge)

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons an Atom has

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10
Q

Mass number

A

equal to the total number of protons and neutrons of the atom

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11
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles

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12
Q

Orbital

A

indicates the location of the electrons

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13
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same Element that have a different number of neutrons

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14
Q

Compounds

A

made of Atoms of two or more elements in fixed properties

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15
Q

Chemical bonds

A

The attractive forces that hold atoms together

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16
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Forms when to Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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17
Q

Molecule

A
  • The simplest part of a substance

- retains all the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state.

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18
Q

Ion

A

no electrical charge

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19
Q

Ionic bond

A

When positive and negative charges attract each other

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20
Q

Matter

A

Everything that occupies space and mass

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21
Q

Polar

A

An uneven distribution of a charge

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22
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a positive charge and another atom or molecule with a positive charge

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23
Q

Cohesion

A

An attractive Force that holds molecules of a single substance together

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24
Q

Adhesion

A

The attractive force between two particles of different substances

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25
Capillarity
The attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid
26
Solution
A mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
27
Solute
A substance dissolved in the solvent
28
Solvent
The substance in which the solute is dissolved
29
Concentration
The amount of solvent dissolved in a fixed amount of solution
30
Saturated solution
One in which no more solute can dissolve
31
Aqueous Solutions
Solutions in which water is the solvent
32
Hydroxide ion
The oh- ion
33
Hydronium ion
An ion consisting of a proton combined by molecule of water: H3O+
34
Acid
- Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water - acids turn blue litmus paper read and react with bases and some metals from salts
35
Base
- Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water - bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
36
pH scale
A range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in Acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of less then 7 is acidic, and a pH of greater then 7 is basic
37
Buffer
- A solution made from a weak acid | - neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it
38
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
39
Catalysis
The acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst
40
Reactant
A substance that participates in a chemical reaction
41
Product
A substance that forms in a chemical reaction
42
Enzyme
A molecule either protein or RNA that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
43
Non-Polar
A covalent compound where electrons one are shared equally
44
Organic compound
Made up primarily of carbon Atoms
45
Functional groups
Clusters of atoms in most organic compounds
46
Monomers
carbon atoms built up from smaller simple molecules
47
Polymer
Is a molecule that consist of repeated linked units
48
Macromolecules
Large polymers
49
Condensation reaction
Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction
50
Hydrolysis
The breakdown of some complex molecules such as Polymers
51
Adenosine triphosphate (atp)
The place where large amounts of energy is stored
52
Carbohydrates
- Organic compounds - composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen - in the ratio of about One carbon Adam per to two hydrogen Atoms to one oxygen Atom
53
Monosaccharides
A monomer of a carbohydrate
54
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides combined in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar
55
Polysaccharide
Is a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides
56
Proteins
Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon hydrogen oxygen and Nitrogen
57
Amino acids
Linkage of monomers
58
Peptide bond
When two amino acids form a covalent bond
59
Polypeptides
Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptides
60
Enzymes
- Rna or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts - essential for the functioning of any cell
61
Substrate
The reactant being catalyzed
62
Active site
Folds in the enzyme
63
Lipids
Larger, nopolar organic molecules
64
Fatty acids
Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids
65
Phospholipids
Two rather then three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
66
Nucleic acids
- large and complex organic molecules | - store and transfer important information in the cell
67
Dna
- Contains information that determines the characteristics of the organism - directs it's a living activities
68
Rna
- Stores and transfers information from DNA | - essential for the manufacturing of proteins
69
Nucleotide
Made of three main components: --a phosphate group, - five carbon sugar - a ring shaped nitrogenous base.

Biology (24 decks)

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