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Biology > Chapter 10- DNA > Flashcards

Chapter 10- DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transformation

A

Transfer of genetic material

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2
Q

Bacteriophage

A

When virus infects bacteria

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3
Q

Avery + his colleagues showed that the transforming agent in Griffiths experiment was _____

A

DNA

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4
Q

Hershey’s and Chase’s experiment showed

A

DNA is the heredity molecule in viruses

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5
Q

The S strain and R strain of S. pneumoniae are different in that __________

A

The S strain produces a capsule but the R strain doesn’t

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6
Q

Elements in DNA

A

CHNOPS

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7
Q

Elements in protein

A

CHONS

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8
Q

Complementary base pair

A

Pair of nitrogen bases connected by hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

Base containing nitrogen and carbon

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10
Q

Primary function of DNA cells is to

A

Store info that tells cells for which proteins to make

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11
Q

2 strands of DNA molecules are held together by

A

Hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Guanine binds with

A

Cytosine

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13
Q

Adenine binds with

A

Thymine

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14
Q

Percentage of DNA is

A

= to the % of adenine in DNA

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15
Q

3 parts of a DNA Nucleotide

A
  • a deoxyribose sugar
  • nitrogen base
  • phosphate group

All connected by sugar 😱

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16
Q

Importance of complementary base pairing in a DNA structure

A

Holds DNA together and serves as a way to replicate itself

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17
Q

Who determined that the structure of DNA is a double helix??

A

Watson and Crick

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18
Q

KNOW HOW TO LABEL A DNA MOLECULE

A

🎉🎉🎉🎉🐶❤️😡😖😄😷😞😜🙏🏼🍕😢🙏🏼😖😅😞😜🎨🐸😖😬🍕❤️😁😝💅😕🙏🏼😢🙏🏼🙃😭👏🏼😞😄💡🙏🏼😖🙃😜😞😄💡🙏🏼💡🙏🏼😞🙏🏼😞💡🙏🏼💡😜💡💡💡💡💡💡💡

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19
Q

What is DNA??

A

Information that determines organisms traits

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20
Q

DNA produces ____

A

Protein

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21
Q

DNA is made of repeating subunits called

A

Nucleotides

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22
Q

DNA stands for

A

A deoxyribonucleic acid

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23
Q

What r chromosomes made of??

A

DNA

Protein

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24
Q

What r the rings made of in a DNA molecule??

A

Nitrogen bases

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25
Q

What r the rungs attached to???

A

Each other

Deoxyribose sugar

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26
Q

Helicase

A

Unwinds the DNA strand

27
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger from nucleus to ribosomes

28
Q

rRNA

A

Makes up ribosomes with proteins

29
Q

tRNA

A

Moves amino acids transfer into ribosomes

30
Q

How does info from DNA get to cytoplasm??

A

mRNA

31
Q

Ligase

A

(Like glue 😜)

Sticks the 2 strands together

32
Q

Which pass does cell replication occur??

A

Interphase (S phase)

33
Q

Semi-conservative replication

A

2 copies of DNA half old half new

34
Q

Before replication takes place

A

2 strands of DNA must separate

35
Q

Virulent

A

Causes disease

36
Q

A mutation is

A

A change in the nucleotide sequence

37
Q

Why does replication occur so quickly in eukaryotes???

A

Occurs simultaneously

38
Q

Codon

A

Sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides

39
Q

Translation

A

Nucleotides forming q genetic code

40
Q

A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of

A

Amino acids

41
Q

During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary

A

mRNA

42
Q

In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the

A

Nucleus

43
Q

Transcriptions purpose

A

To create a single stranded RNA molecule

44
Q

What is translation

A

Process of changing the information from an order of nitrogen bases mRNA into amino acids

45
Q

Where does transcription take place??

A

Nucleus -> DNA is only found in the nucleus and can’t get out of it

46
Q

Point mutation

A

Chance 1 amino acid

-isn’t always bad

47
Q

Frameshift mutation

A
  • addition or deletion of s base

- more dangerous

48
Q

Inversion mutation

A

DNA sequence is flipped

49
Q

Translocation mutation

A

Sequence breaks off and and reinserted somewhere else

50
Q

Beetle and Tatum

A

Connections between enzymes and genes

51
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

-bacteria carries instructions to replicate oh ages in bacteria

52
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Completly sure DNA structure looks like

53
Q

Wobble hypothesis
_____ codons
______ amino acids

A

64 codons

20 amino acids

54
Q

Purpose of DNA

A

Provides

  • genetic instructions
  • long term storage of info
55
Q

Purpose of RNA

A

Associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes

56
Q

The smooth strain in griffiths experiment is _____

A

Virulent

57
Q

Rough strain of griffiths experiment _____

A

Nonvirulent

58
Q

Replication

A

Synthesis of an identical copy of a DNA strand

59
Q

Transcription

A

Synthesis of mRNA molecule

60
Q

Translation

A

Synthesis of polypeptide from amino acids

61
Q

Codon

A

Base triplet on mRNA

62
Q

Anticodon

A

Complementary triplet on tRNA

63
Q

Polypeptide

A

Protein molecule

Biology (24 decks)

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