Chapter 2&4

Question 1

You can see what they look like, what they’re doing, and how they’re interacting.

Answer 1

Macroscopic

Question 2

Introduces organisms.

Answer 2

Inoculation

Question 3

That provides them with the nutrients and resources they need to grow.

Answer 3

Media

Question 4

Removes all living things from an environment

Answer 4

Sterile

Question 4

Most environments contain a variety of microbes, but scientist want to study one at a time.

Answer 4

Isolated

Question 5

Is the process of storing the inoculation medium in a controlled environment to allow it to grow.

Answer 5

Incubation

Question 6

This is done most easily on solid media, where you see individual colonies

Answer 6

pure culture

Question 7

Is assumed to have come from one cell that has multiplied for many generations to create millions of identical cells.

Answer 7

Colony

Question 7

You can’t know whether results are caused by organism you care about.

Answer 7

Contamination

Question 8

Involves observing characteristics of organisms that you’ve grown

Answer 8

Inspection

Question 9

Is the use of information gathered from inspection to determine what the organism actually is.

Answer 9

Identification

Question 10

Will allow many different microbes to grow.

Answer 10

General purpose media

Question 11

If its chemical composition is know completely it is considered.

Answer 11

Defined

Question 12

If there is no way to know its exact chemical composition then its

Answer 12

Complex

Question 13

Are media have had ‘special’ substance added

Answer 13

Enriched media

Question 14

ones that have special ‘dietary requirements’

Answer 14

Fastidious

Question 15

Media with ingredients meant to prevent the growth of certain organisms is considered

Answer 15

Selective

Question 16

Media with ingredients that cause some organisms to show a visibly different growth is considered

Answer 16

Differential

Question 17

This is the study of organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye and we use something to see them.

Answer 17

Microscopy

Question 18

Works by passing light through a specimen, then through one or more lenses

Answer 18

Light microscopy

Question 19

Is how much bigger an image looks compared to its actual size

Answer 19

Magnification

Question 20

Is how far two things have to be apart for them to be distinguished under a microscope.

Answer 20

Resolution

Question 21

Techniques to color and highlight cells and cellular features so we can see them under a microscope.

Answer 21

Staining

Question 22

Dye that directly color the surface of the cell are known as

Answer 22

Direct (or positive) stains

Question 23

Dye that color the slide itself but do not color the surface of the cell are known as

Answer 23

Indirect (or negative) stains

Question 24

If a stain has more than one way of reacting with a cell it is known as

Answer 24

Differential stain

Question 25

Are used to differentiate between two types of structure on the outside of the cell

Answer 25

Gram stains

Question 26

Cells have thick cell wall and no out membrane

Answer 26

Gram positive

Question 27

Cells have a thin cell wall and an outer membrane

Answer 27

Gram-negative

Question 28

Stain special components of the cell, but only if those structure are there

Answer 28

Structural stains

Question 29

What are the 5 "I"s of microbiology.

Answer 29

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, and identification.

Question 30

Animals

Answer 30

Animalia

Question 30

Plants

Answer 30

Plantae

Question 31

Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts

Answer 31

Fungi

Question 32

A bunch of different group that aren't closely related

Answer 32

Protista

Question 33

Eukaryotic cells tend to have this

Answer 33

Glycocalyx

Question 34

Are structurally very different from bacterial.

Answer 34

Flagella

Question 35

Forming a ring around a central pair

Answer 35

Microtubule pairs

Question 36

Some protists known as

Answer 36

Ciliates

Question 37

Eukaryotes only have one

Answer 37

Cell membrane

Question 38

Eukaryotic membranes have this kind of molecule that strengthens and rigidify the membrane.

Answer 38

Steroid

Question 39

Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane enclosed what

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

More generally they possess multiple what

Answer 40

Membrane bound organelles

Question 41

There are some structure in eukaryotic cells that are this but not found in prokaryotic cells

Answer 41

Non-membranous

Question 42

Is an extensive network of protein fibers that run under the cell membrane.

Answer 42

Cytoskeleton

Question 43

The gelatinous liquid fills the inside of a cell

Answer 43

Cytoplasm

Question 44

This is made of tubulin

Answer 44

Microtubules

Question 45

This is made of actin

Answer 45

Microfilaments

Question 46

Eukaryotic cells' DNA is stored inside the

Answer 46

Nucleus

Question 47

Enclosed by a double membrane called the

Answer 47

Nuclear envelope

Question 48

In the membrane act as a passageway for molecules to move through

Answer 48

Nuclear pores

Question 49

Inside the nucleus is a dense granular region known as this where ribosomal components are made.

Answer 49

Nucleolus

Question 50

Is a series of membranous tunnels that extend from the outer membrane of the nucleus

Answer 50

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 51

Is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids

Answer 51

Smooth ER

Question 52

Is made of the same material, but is coated in ribosomes

Answer 52

Rough ER

Question 53

Modify, process, and 'ship out' proteins made at the rough ER.

Answer 53

Golgi apparatus

Question 54

The Golgi apparatus, nucleus, and ER together form the

Answer 54

Endomembrane system

Question 55

Is made by animal cells that 'swallow' something from the environment they're in

Answer 55

Lysosome

Question 56

Is a type of lysosomes that breaks down poisonous peroxides (waste) made during metabolism

Answer 56

Peroxisome

Question 56

Is a membrane enclosed organelle that contains a large amount of water as well as some water-soluble nutrients as storage for the cell

Answer 56

Vacuole

Question 56

The folds are called this in the inner membrane.

Answer 56

Cristae

Question 56

This membrane is smooth

Answer 56

Outer membrane

Question 56

This membrane countered, folded

Answer 56

Inner membrane

Question 56

Are the organelles that are at the center of Eukaryotic metabolism-produce ATP

Answer 56

Mitochondria

Question 56

Are light-harvesting organelles found in photosynthetic eukaryotes such as plants and algae

Answer 56

Chloroplasts

Question 56

Is the fluid inside the inner membrane

Answer 56

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 56

The space between the two is called the

Answer 56

Intermembrane space

Question 56

Over 2 billion years ago, a large eukaryotic cell engulfed a small prokaryotic cell with a particularly useful function.

Answer 56

The Endosymbiotic theory