Chapter 13

Question 1

Are non-specific defenses used to protect the body from any general pathogenic attack

Answer 1

Innate

Question 2

Is the body’s ability to recognize and react to a specific invader

Answer 2

Specific immunity

Question 2

Are specific defenses used to protect the body from pathogens identified by the body.

Answer 2

Acquired

Question 3

Is anything that stimulates a specific immune response

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Is the 3D region of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system.

Answer 4

Epitope

Question 5

Antigens are found on invaders that exist outside the host cells.

Answer 5

Exogenous

Question 6

antigens are found on invaders that exist inside the body cell

Answer 6

Endogenous

Question 7

Are antigens that are naturally found on host cells

Answer 7

Autoantigens

Question 8

Immune cells that recognize these are destroyed

Answer 8

Autoimmunity

Question 9

Are proteins used by the immune system to identify, bind to, and in many cases help attack an invading organism

Answer 9

Antibodies

Question 9

Are one of the types of Leukocytes

Answer 9

Lymphocytes

Question 10

Some mature in the bone marrow

Answer 10

B Lymphocytes

Question 11

Some mature in the thymus

Answer 11

T lymphocytes

Question 12

Sometimes also known as T8 or CD8 cells

Answer 12

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 12

B lymphocytes activated when a ‘correct’ antigen has been recognized, when active that are known as this.

Answer 12

Plasma cells

Question 13

Sometimes also known as T4 or CD4 cells

Answer 13

Helper T cells

Question 14

Is a type of protein that is found on the surface of body cells

Answer 14

Major Histocompatibility complex

Question 15

MHC II is present if AP cells are present

Answer 15

Antigen-presenting

Question 16

Is an immune response against exogenous antigens

Answer 16

Humoral response

Question 17

The interaction between the APC and the Th cell causes a release of this which then activates the helper T cell

Answer 17

Interleukins

Question 18

The process that selects for a particular ‘version’ of the B cell that can recognize the antigen.

Answer 18

Clonal selection

Question 19

Is an immune response against endogenous antigens

Answer 19

Cell-mediated

Question 20

Immunity is gained in response to antigens encountered in daily life

Answer 20

Naturally acquired

Question 21

Immunity is gained in response to antigens introduced via vaccine

Answer 21

Artificially acquired

Question 22

Is a response to antigens via humoral or cell mediated response

Answer 22

Active immunity

Question 23

Is a response to antigens via antibodies that came from another individual

Answer 23

Passive immunity

Question 24

A substance used to stimulate immunity to particular infectious disease or pathogen, typically prepared from an inactivated or weakened form of causative agent or from its constituents or products.

Answer 24

Vaccine

Question 25

Is the introduction of artificially acquired immunity

Answer 25

Immunization

Question 26

Grinding up scabs from children, milk smallpox, and using that to infect children

Answer 26

Variolation

Question 27

Is used by giving individuals specific antibodies against a thing

Answer 27

Passive immunity

Question 28

Destroy completely

Answer 28

Eradicate

Question 29

Is the idea that a population is what needs to be protected from a disease, rather than any single individual

Answer 29

Herd immunity

Question 30

Live organism (bacterium or virus) that has been modified if introduced to a person

Answer 30

Attenuated vaccine

Question 31

May either be whole killed microbes, or they can be subunits or fragments of a microbe.

Answer 31

Killed vaccine

Question 32

Sometimes, we vaccinate against specific toxin

Answer 32

Toxoid vaccine

Question 33

Teaches you cells how to make copies of the spike protein

Answer 33

mRNA vaccine